A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Mortality Outcomes and Related Cardiopulmonary Events Among a Cohort of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients Who Initiate Breztri and Multiple Inhaler Triple Therapy (MITT) in the United States (US)

Inclusion Criteria: * 1 initial prescription for BGF or MITT starting October 1, 2020 through to the latest available data update, AND * Age ≥40 years on date of first prescription for BGF or MITT episode, AND * Continuous medical and pharmacy health plan eligibility for ≥12-months (365 days) prior to first prescription for BGF or MITT AND * 2 medical claims with diagnoses for COPD at least 30 days apart occurring on or anytime in the patient's available 24-month history before the first BGF prescription or MITT episode, with one diagnosis occurring in the immediate 12-month period prior to or on initiation of BGF or MITT Exclusion Criteria: * Age \<40 at time of treatment initiation * Invalid or unknown gender * If death date occurs prior to or on study index date * \<12 months (365 days) of medical and pharmacy health plan eligibility/coverage prior treatment initiation * Presence of ≥1 prescription claim for any triple therapy during the patient's entire available baseline history (BGF, FF/UMEC/VI or MITT) * "potential MITT use" in baseline, MITT for baseline purposes will be defined as ≥1 days continuous days where all three MITT components (ICS, LABA, LAMA) are observed in combination (dual + monotherapy) or as three separate monotherapy components * History of any of the following conditions, procedures or events during the immediate baseline 12-month period: (a) ≥1 medical claim (i.e., office, ED or hospital) in any position with a diagnosis for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, interstitial fibrosis, lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, sarcoidosis; (b) ≥1 medical claim for hospice services; (c) Any medical Bill Type Code (BILL\_TYPE\_CODE ) starting with 81 or 82; or Revenue codes (RVNU\_CD): 0651-0659; (d) ≥1 medical claim with a diagnosis code of encounter related to clinical trial participation (Z00.6) at any point during the study period (including both baseline and follow-up periods)