Numerous studies have emphasized the debilitating effects of chronic low back pain (CLBP), which persists for over 12 weeks and impacts approximately 20% of the global population. The etiology of CLBP encompasses various factors, such as sedentary lifestyles, diminished muscle strength, poor neuromuscular control of deep trunk muscles, and compromised proprioception, all contributing to lumbar spine strain. These factors result in limitations in essential daily activities, significantly diminishing the overall quality of life. Continued exploration in this field is essential to furthering our understanding of managing chronic low back pain. Investigating alternative treatment approaches, such as proprioceptive, calisthenic, and kinesthetic exercises, contributes to expanding the range of solutions available for addressing this issue. Embracing a diverse array of interventions not only proves beneficial but also holds promise in providing long-term advantages for enhancing patients' overall well-being. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the combined effects of proprioceptive, kinesthetic, and calisthenic exercises, alongside core stabilization exercises, in alleviating chronic low back pain and their potential to enhance range of motion and diminish functional disability in individuals with CLBP in Lahore, Pakistan.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
38
The core exercises would be held for 7 to 8 seconds, repeated 10 times, and rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1 minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include: 1. Abdominal hollowing 2. Supine extension bridge 3. Partial Curls
The heat therapy would be applied to the lumbar region for 10 minutes.
The proprioceptive exercises will include rest for 3 seconds between repetitions and 1-minute rest between each exercise. These exercises will include: 1. One leg balance - 10 seconds hold time with 3 repetitions 2. Forward leg swings - 15 swings 3. Sideways leg swings - 15 swings
The calisthenic exercises will include: 1. Abductor's leg raise for 10 repetitions 2. Prone leg extension for 10 repetitions 3. Alternate toe touch for 10 repetitions
The kinesthetic exercises will have 1 minute rest in between exercises. These exercises will include: 1. Toe walking for 20 meters distance 2. Heel walking for 20 meters distance
Riphah Rehab Training and Research Center
Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)
A numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) would be used to assess the patient's pain measure for chronic low back pain before and after exercises. This 11-point numeric scale ranges from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g. "no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g. "pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable"). The NPRS has a validity of 0.86 to 0.95 and a reliability of 0.96.
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks
inclinometer
An inclinometer would be used to measure the range of motion for the lumbar spine. The inclinometer for lumbar ROM has a reliability of 0.97.
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks
Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version)
Modified ODI for disability (Urdu version) would be used to assess the patient's functional disability for chronic low back pain at 0 weeks and then at 4 weeks. The modified ODI has a reliability of 0.90. For each question, 0 points is the minimum, and 5 points is the maximum. Add up the total score for 10 questions.
Time frame: baseline, after 4 weeks
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