Suboccipital Distraction vs. Manual Traction in Chronic Neck Pain

Overview

This study addresses the pervasive issue of chronic neck pain, a debilitating condition with profound implications for daily life and well-being. Two therapeutic techniques, suboccipital distraction, and manual traction, are under investigation for their potential to alleviate upper cervical pain and enhance mobility in individuals suffering from chronic neck pain. The primary goal is to compare the effects of these interventions on upper cervical pain, range of motion, and functional disability, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals to optimize treatment strategies and enhance outcomes in this challenging context. The research adopts a Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) design to rigorously evaluate the impact of suboccipital distraction and manual traction on upper cervical pain, range of motion, and functional disability in chronic neck pain patients. The Gpower t-test sample size calculation ensures a robust sample size, enhancing statistical power and the validity of findings. Participants will be recruited from Neuro clinic, Lahore, using non-probability convenient sampling. The lottery method will be employed for randomizing participants into suboccipital distraction and manual traction groups, ensuring a balanced distribution of key characteristics. The diverse patient population at Neuro Clinic enhances the generalizability of the study's results. The treatment plan spans 4 weeks, comprising three sessions per week. Each session involves three sets of suboccipital distraction or manual traction, with 5 to 7 repetitions per set. Baseline assessments will be conducted, followed by post-treatment assessments at the 4-week mark. Outcome measures, including standardized pain scales, goniometry for range of motion, and validated instruments for functional disability, will be systematically collected during these intervals.

Chronic neck pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition affecting a substantial portion of the global population (1). Among the various therapeutic interventions, suboccipital distraction and manual traction emerge as two distinctive approaches, each holding promise in alleviating upper cervical pain, improving range of motion, and enhancing functional disability (2). The upper cervical region, comprising the atlas and axis vertebrae, plays a crucial role in supporting the head's weight and facilitating complex movements (3). Dysfunction in this area can lead to persistent pain and restricted mobility, warranting effective interventions for improved patient outcomes. This study aims to delve into the comparative effectiveness of suboccipital distraction versus manual traction, exploring their impact on upper cervical pain, range of motion, and functional disability in individuals suffering from chronic neck pain. Chronic neck pain is a multifaceted issue, often stemming from a combination of structural, biomechanical, and psychosocial factors (4). The upper cervical spine is particularly susceptible to dysfunction due to its intricate anatomy and constant engagement in supporting the head's movements. Suboccipital distraction, involving the gentle separation of the atlas and axis vertebrae, has gained attention as a therapeutic technique that targets specific structures in the upper cervical region. On the other hand, manual traction, characterized by the application of force to elongate the cervical spine, is another widely used intervention. Despite the prevalence of these approaches, there is a paucity of research directly comparing their efficacy in the context of chronic neck pain. Understanding the nuanced effects of suboccipital distraction and manual traction is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and tailoring interventions to individual patient needs. Chronic neck pain is a multifaceted issue that affects a significant portion of the global population, with variations in prevalence across different regions. Studies conducted in Asia have reported a considerable number of individuals suffering from chronic neck pain. For instance, a survey in Japan found that approximately 23% of the population experienced persistent neck pain (5). In Europe, studies indicate varying prevalence rates, with a cross-European investigation estimating the prevalence to be around 15% (6). The situation in North America is also noteworthy, with a study conducted in the United States revealing that about 20% of the adult population reported chronic neck pain lasting more than three months (7). These regional disparities highlight the need for comprehensive research that considers diverse populations. Understanding the prevalence of chronic neck pain in different continents is crucial for contextualizing the importance of interventions such as suboccipital distraction and manual traction. Rationale for this study lies in the need for evidence-based guidance in selecting the most effective intervention for chronic neck pain, especially focusing on the upper cervical region. By comparing the outcomes of suboccipital distraction and manual traction, this research aims to contribute valuable insights into their respective impacts on pain reduction, range of motion improvement, and functional disability alleviation. Such knowledge is essential for clinicians seeking to provide personalized and efficient care to patients grappling with chronic neck pain. Moreover, the comparative effectiveness of these interventions can inform future treatment protocols, guiding healthcare professionals in making informed decisions based on empirical evidence. As the burden of chronic neck pain continues to rise globally, optimizing therapeutic approaches becomes imperative, and this study strives to bridge existing gaps in knowledge, paving the way for more effective and targeted interventions. The significance of this study is underscored by the potential implications for clinical practice and patient outcomes. With chronic neck pain being a widespread and often persistent condition, identifying the most effective intervention can substantially improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Suboccipital distraction and manual traction represent distinct therapeutic modalities, and a direct comparison will offer valuable insights into their relative efficacy.