Benefits of Epithelial Repair in COPD by Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS)

Overview

The aim of this interventional, cross-sectional and pathophysiological experimental study is to evaluate the potential of a patient's induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, used prior to the re-differentiation stage, to enable ex vivo repair of the injured epithelium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smokers without COPD and non-smoking controls. The main questions it aims to answer are: * to evaluate the repair capacity of bronchial epithelium in COPD subjects, using a model of bronchial epithelium reconstituted in air/liquid interface culture and the iPS model. * epithelia repair capacities in normal or aberrant situations, as well as the time required for this repair, and to determine the involvement of grafted iPS cells in epithelia repair in cultured control subjects, smokers without COPD and COPD patients. Researchers will compare 3 groups of participants (COPD patients, smokers without COPD and non-smokers without COPD) for epithelial repair efficacy between non-grafted ALI cultures and ALI cultures grafted with iPS cells, in order to assess their contribution to epithelial repair. Participants will undergo a bronchial fibroscopy (for clinical indications) with two additional biopsies specific to the study. This research could lead to breakthroughs in cell-based therapies for COPD, with long-term implications for epigenetic treatments and in vivo applications.

Recently, the research team were able to show that there is a deficiency in a particular subtype of club cells destined to become ciliated in COPD, which would explain the inversion of the ciliated cell/caliciform cell ratio and therefore in the formation of the mucous plugs involved in bronchiolar obstruction. iPS (induced pluripotent stem cells) represent a major biological breakthrough that has been awarded a Nobel Prize. They offer the advantage of being pluripotent, capable of multiplying endlessly, and thus of differentiating into any other cell type, or even organ, in short, embryogenesis. Researchers have developed a protocol for differentiating iPS cells into bronchial epithelia, with interesting success. These epithelia reconstituted in an air-liquid interface (iALI) reproduce all the characteristics of epithelia in vivo, in particular with the presence of all cell subtypes. The research team hypothesizes that a patient's iPS cells, used before the re-differentiation stage, will enable ex vivo repair of his damaged epithelium. The expected results of this project will be to validate the in vitro model of epithelial cell aggression in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures, and to determine the feasibility of seeding iPS-derived epithelial cells. ALI epithelia from COPD patients would repair better or even normally thanks to iPS. Ultimately, this project could be a potential therapy targeting epigenetics, and why not a cell therapy.