Acute Effects of Beetroot Juice and Caffeine Co-ingestion on Lower-limb Strength and Muscular Endurance in Females

Overview

The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute effects of beetroot juice and caffeine, consumed individually or in combination, on lower-limb strength and muscular endurance in physically active women. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the co-ingestion of beetroot juice and caffeine enhance lower-limb strength and muscular endurance more than either substance alone or a placebo? * How do the acute effects of beetroot juice interact with caffeine on physical performance? The study was conducted using a randomized, crossover design to evaluate the following four conditions: Beetroot juice with placebo Caffeine with placebo Beetroot juice with caffeine Placebo only Each participant completed all conditions, with a sufficient washout period between sessions to eliminate potential carryover effects. This design allowed for a direct comparison of the acute effects of each supplementation strategy on lower-limb strength and muscular endurance. Participant Protocol Participants consumed their assigned supplement on a single testing day for each condition. After supplementation, they performed standardized tests to measure lower-limb strength and muscular endurance. Progress was monitored, and data from all conditions were collected to assess the acute effects of each intervention.

Conditions