The investigators will test our hypothesis that parameters on peripheral defocus can regulate eye growth: For instance, the relative peripheral refraction measured by Multispectral Refraction Topography (MRT) would be significant different between two groups: fast speed and slow speed of axial length elongation (myopia progression) for 1 year with 2-3 follow-ups. The goal of this observation study is to confirm the value of MRT in clinic. Could it predict myopia progression or not? By the parameters on relative peripheral refraction in children myopia, could include any of the following: both genders, 7\~17 years age groups, including healthy volunteers. The main question it aims to answer is: Is any of relative peripheral refraction parameters measured by MRT could guide the clinics for predict myopia progression? Which parameters from MRT could predict the myopia fast progression at baseline ? There is a comparison between groups. Researchers will compare fast myopia progression group versus slow myopia progression group to see if any parameters differs at baseline. Participants will be asked to the collection methods (such as spectacles, orhtokeratology, contact lens) and interventions; And each participant would be followed up for at least 2 times in one year to test the axial length and refractive error as well as parameters with MRT.
Visual signals from the surrounding retina play a crucial role in the process of emmetropization in the peripheral area of retina and may be a key factor in the development of myopia. Peripheral defocus can regulate eye growth, particularly peripheral hyperopic defocus, which is a high-risk factor for promoting eye growth and the onset and progression of myopia. In recent years, with the establishment of new experimental animal models and the emergence of new detection technologies, the relationship between peripheral defocus and myopia has received increasing attention. The axial length of the eye is the most important indicator for assessing myopia progression. About 7000 students from Ningbo would be follow-up for the MRT and their myopia progression for at least 1 year.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
6,000
the intervention is follow-up with parameters to measure and data to record
Ningbo Eye Hospital
Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
Total value of relative peripheral refraction from MRT (D)
The parameter obtained using MRT for analysis is = total peripheral refraction - central refractive error.
Time frame: 12 months
Total relative peripheral refraction from MRT (D)
The parameter obtained using MRT for analysis * total peripheral refraction error - central refractive error
Time frame: 6 months
Superior peripheral myopic defocus (D)
which indicates the average peripheral refractive error from the center to the peripheral of superior area of the retina.
Time frame: 12 months
peripheral refraction difference value 15 degree (D)
which indicates the average paracentral refractive error from the center to 15◦ of the retina
Time frame: 12 months
Peripheral refraction difference value-30 (D)
which indicate the average peripheral refractive error at 30 ◦
Time frame: 12 months
refraction difference value- 45 which indicate the average peripheral refractive error at 45◦ of the posterior retina (D)
the relative refraction difference value- 45which indicate the average peripheral refractive error at 45◦ of the posterior retina measured by MRT
Time frame: 12 months
relative refraction difference value-inferior (D）
the relative refraction difference value of inferior, which is measured by MRT
Time frame: 12 months
relative refraction difference value-nasal (D)
the relative refraction difference value-nasal measured by MRT
Time frame: 12 months
relative refraction difference value-temporal (D).
the relative refraction difference value-temporal measured by MRT.
Time frame: 12 months
Change of refractive error (D)
the change of refractive error is measured by auto-refractor without cycloplegia
Time frame: 12 months
Visual acuity (decimal )
the visual acuity is test with decimal visual acuity chart at distance
Time frame: 12 months
Visual acuity (decimal )
the visual acuity is test with decimal visual acuity chart at distance
Time frame: 6 months
Superior peripheral myopic defocus (D)
which indicates the average peripheral refractive error from the center to the peripheral of superior area of the retina.
Time frame: 6 months
peripheral refraction difference value 15 degree (D)
which indicates the average paracentral refractive error from the center to 15◦ of the retina
Time frame: 6 months
Change of refractive error (D)
the change of refractive error is measured by auto-refractor without cycloplegia
Time frame: 6 months
relative refraction difference value-inferior (D）
the relative refraction difference value of inferior, which is measured by MRT
Time frame: 6 months
relative refraction difference value-nasal (D)
the relative refraction difference value-nasal measured by MRT
Time frame: 6 months
refraction difference value- 45 which indicate the average peripheral refractive error at 45◦ of the posterior retina (D)
the relative refraction difference value- 45which indicate the average peripheral refractive error at 45◦ of the posterior retina measured by MRT
Time frame: 6 months
Peripheral refraction difference value-30 (D)
which indicate the average peripheral refractive error at 30 ◦
Time frame: 6 months
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