Internal Photobiomodulation For Management Of Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement

Pain level assessment using Visual Analogue Scale

All patients will be evaluated subjectively through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to clinically assess the pain intensity with ratings between 0 for pain-free and 10 for maximum pain

Time frame: after one month from the last laser session

Oral health-related quality of life using OHIP-TMD

Oral health-related quality of life will be assessed using OHIP-TMD, a 22-item temporomandibular disorder-specific version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Each item in the OHIP-TMDs is scored on a Likert scale, often ranging from: 0 (Never) to 4 (Very often). For each respondent, the scores for all 22 items are summed to create a total score. The total score ranges from 0 to 88, where higher scores indicate a greater negative impact on oral health-related quality of life.

Time frame: after one month from the last laser session

Maximum mouth opening evaluation using the Miller index

The Miller Index is calculated as a ratio of the observed maximum interincisal distance (distance between the edges of the upper and lower incisors when the mouth is fully open) to the patient's height. This provides a normalized measure of mouth opening relative to body stature. Miller Index= Maximum Interincisal Distance (mm)/Height (cm) Normal Range: A typical Miller Index is around 1.6 to 1.7 mm/cm in healthy individuals. This means that for every centimeter of height, the expected mouth opening is about 1.6 to 1.7 mm. Deviations: * Lower than Normal: May indicate restricted mouth opening (e.g., trismus, TMDs, fibrosis, ankylosis). * Higher than Normal: May occur in conditions involving hypermobility.

Time frame: after one month from the last laser session