Effect of Core Stability Versus Ankle Foot Strengthening Exercise in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis

Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Questionnaire

Changes from baseline, KOOS score consist of five patient-relevant dimensions that are scored separately: Pain (nine items); Symptoms (seven items); ADL Function (17 items); Sport and Recreation Function (five items); Quality of Life (four items). A Likert scale is used and all items have five possible answer options scored from 0 (No problems) to 4 (Extreme problems) and each of the five scores is calculated as the sum of the items included. This scale consist of total 42-items and score of this scale range from 0 (severe knee pathology) to 100 (no knee problem). This tool has been use to assess the pain, symptoms, activities level, function in knee osteoarthritis patients. It is a valid tool for Knee Osteoarthritis patients ; validity ranges up-to (0.80-0.89).

Time frame: 8 weeks

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at rest

Changes from baseline, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is the most commonly used scale in which the pain rate ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). The level of knee perception of pain is assessed by using the VAS.

Time frame: 8 weeks

Stair climb test

change from baseline, time taken to ascend and descend the stairs

Time frame: 8 weeks

Knee flexion range of motion

Change from baseline, flexion was assessed with a goniometer

Time frame: 8 weeks

knee extension range of motion

change from baseline, extension was assessed with goniometer

Time frame: 8 weeks

Achilles tendon thickness

Change from baseline, tendon thickness was measured was assessed with digital calliper

Time frame: 8 weeks

30 second chair test

change from baseline, The 30 Second Sit to Stand Test is also known as 30 Second Chair Stand Test (30CST), was initially designed for testing leg strength and endurance in older adults.

Time frame: 8 weeks

Timed up and go test

The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) assesses mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults

Time frame: 8 weeks

40 meter walk test

Instruct patient to walk as quickly, but as safely as possible, without running, along 10m walkway, past the taped line, \& then turn around cone \& return.

Time frame: 8 weeks

Gastrocnemius muscle strength

Patient to perform plantar flexion in the form of single-limb heel raise

Time frame: 8 weeks

navicular/foot ratio

The midfoot alignment was assessed using the navicular/foot ratio, which is calculated as the ratio of the navicular height to the total foot length.

Time frame: 8 weeks

Ankle range of motion

The dorsiflexion range of ankle movement was evaluated using the knee-to-wall lunge technique

Time frame: 8 weeks