Improper subcutaneous administration of LMWH may cause complications at the injection site. Standardized protocol for subcutaneous LMWH injections in patient with cardiovascular diseases is warranted to ensure consistent best practices in clinical settings.
This study examines the effect of standardized protocol in reducing complications for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
180
Patients in the control group will receive the usual practice of subcutaneous LMWH injection administered by nurses.
Nurses administer LMWH according to the standardized evidence-based protocol.
Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
RECRUITINGBruising
The bruising diameter will be measured by a ruler and the incidence of bruising will be recorded.
Time frame: 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours
Pain
Patients' pain levels are assessed using the Verbal Descriptor Scale: 'severe pain,' 'moderate pain,' 'mild pain,' and 'no pain.' 'Severe pain' indicates the worst outcome, followed by 'moderate pain,' then 'mild pain,' with 'no pain' representing the best outcome.
Time frame: Immediately after injection, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours
Patient Experience
a Patient Experience Surveys to evaluate their perceived nurse's attitude
Time frame: Immediately after receiving the injection
Communicative Competence
Communicative Competence Scale consists of 36 items across five dimensions (General Competence, Empathy Affiliation/Support, Behavioural Flexibility, and Social Relaxation), using a 5-point Likert scales ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree (coded from 1 to 5). Higher the score means worse the outcome.
Time frame: Immediately before and after injection
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