Background: Tinnitus, as a common symptom, can jeopardize the sleep quality and brain function and even lead to hearing loss and cognitive decline in elderly patients. The co-occurring tinnitus and sleep disturbances can significantly affect the cognitive functions and quality of life, and even be implicated as a key contributing factor in the development of prodromal dementia. At present, very few non-pharmacological therapies are developed for managing these comorbidities in elderly patients. Focused low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) enables to stimulation the deep brain structures, such as hippocampus, with optimized focality and specific frequency. Objectives: We aim to 1) investigate the safety, feasibility and efficacy of a 2-week focused low-intensity TUS on the severity of tinnitus and sleep disturbances in elderly patients; 2) determine the sample size of a full-scale randomized clinical trial of low-intensity TUS in patients with tinnitus; 3) evaluate the effects of low-intensity TUS on the severity of tinnitus, sleep quality and cognitive functions at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after the treatments. Design: A 2-week randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Methods: Chinese right-handed tinnitus patients with sleep disturbances (aged from 60 to 90 years) will be randomly assigned to a 2-week intervention of either low intensity TUS or sham TUS, with 7 participants per arm. Before intervention, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data is used to construct individual realistic head model. Comprehensive assessments, including sleep quality, cognitive performance and quality of life will be conducted at baseline, 2nd week, 4th week and 6th week. Program adherence and adverse effects will be monitored throughout intervention.
Significance: This study aims to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of low intensity TUS for sleep disturbances in patients with tinnitus. It wills also test the program adherence, tolerability and adverse effects of this innovative neurotechnology. Information will be helpful for in-depth understanding the relationship of "tinnitus, sleep and cognition" and guiding the further studies of otology, sleep medicine and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Data analysis: The primary outcomes will be the changes in tinnitus symptoms and sleep quality, and the comparisons of group differences across different time points. Secondary outcomes will be the changes of cognitive functions and quality of life. Intention-to-treat analysis will be carried out. Changes of efficacy indicators from baseline to each follow up point will be tested with mixed effect model.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
14
Low-intensity TUS, as an advanced modality of transcranial brain stimulation, enables to stimulate the deep brain structures with optimized focality and specific frequency.
Tai Po Hospital
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
NOT_YET_RECRUITINGTai Po Hospital
Hong Kong, Tai Po District, Hong Kong
RECRUITINGTinnitus Primary Functions Questionnaire (TPFQ)
A short 12-item version of TPFQ is used in this study. In the 12-item version, questions 7, 11, and 15 were chosen for concentration; questions 4, 8, and 10 were chosen for emotion; questions 2, 14, and 17 were chosen for hearing; and questions 16, 18, and 20 were chosen for sleep.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
The PSQI is a 19-item questionnaire that includes seven areas of subjective sleep quality and patterns in adults over the last month including the following components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, SDs, use of sleeping medications, and daytime dysfunction. Each item in the scale is scored from 0 to 3 scale (0 = no difficulty; 3 = severe difficulty). The scores are added to yield a global score ranging from 0 to 21 (0 = no difficulty; 21 = severe difficulties in all areas). This scale has good reliability and validity psychometrics and is widely used in research: Cronbach's alpha (0.77 to 0.83), sensitivity (89.6%), specificity (86.5%)(Buysse et al., 1988). Greater score of PSQI indicates worse sleep quality.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI)
THI is used to identify, quantify and evaluate the difficulties that patients with chronic tinnitus may experience in daily life. There are 25 items covering three aspects: functional, emotional and catastrophic. The THI score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe tinnitus burden and a seven-point change representing a minimal clinically important difference.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Attention network test (ANT)
Complex attention is measured by ANT. Within ANT paradigm, there are four types of cues: no cue, center cue, double cue, and spatial cue; and three types of flankers: neutral, congruent, and incongruent. In a given trial, a central cross-fixation point presents 400 to 1,600 ms (randomized), subsequently is replaced for 100 ms by one of four warning cues. The target, a central arrow, could appear above or below the cross-fixation and is surrounded by two flankers on each side.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Word-list learning test (WLLT)
WLLT, consisting of ten semantically non-associated words that is presented consecutively over three free trials of immediate recall, a 20-min delayed recall (to prevent recency effects).
Time frame: 12 weeks
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