The Effect of Aromatherapy Applied to Intensive Care Nurses on Tension-Type Headache

Overview

Tension-type headache (TTH) is a common symptom in intensive care nurses. The nurses' quality of life, ve social ve business life are negatively affected by the ache. This study was conducted in two stages as randomized controlled study design ve a qualitative study, with the purpose of determining the impacts of medicinal lavender or citriodora oil, applied by massage for four weeks, on headache severity ve the life quality of critical care nurses with TTH. Nurses working in the intensive care units of the University of Health Sciences Kayseri City Hospital ve meeting the inclusion criteria were involved in the research. 60 individuals participated in total in the study with simple randomization as, 20 individual's İntervention- 1, 20 individual's İntervention- 2, ve 20 individual's placebo control. Ethics committee approval, informed consent form ve institutional permission were granted for the study. Through four weeks, nurses in Intervention-1 ve Intervention- 2 groups; 3% medicinal lavender/ eucalyptus citriodora oil, in accordance with the oil application protocol, in the first week, every day in the morning ve evening, ve in the second, third ve fourth weeks only in the morning; in the placebo control group, through four weeks; In the first week, every day in the morning ve evening, ve in the second, third ve fourth weeks, only in the mornings, massage with sesame oil was applied. The data of the research, Patient Introduction Form, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Short Form SF 36 Quality of Life Scale (KF-36), Application Tracing Chart Researcher ve Nurse Form, were gathered by using oil application protocol. In the evaluation of quantitative data, one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparison test, chi-square test, pearson correlation analysis ve p\<0.05 were accepted for significance. Descriptive ve content analysis methods were used in the evaluation of qualitative data. It was shown that the medical lavender / eucalyptus citriodora oil massage applied on the nurses in the İntervention groups, reduced the TTH significantly ve provided less use of painkillers ve affected the quality-of-life sub-dimensions more positively when compared to the nurses in the placebo control group. The qualitative findings of the study support the quantitative findings. According to these results, in nurses who are working in intensive care units; the use of 3% medicinal lavender oil or 3% eucalyptus citriodora oil can be recommended in the treatment of the TTH symptom

Nurses are healthcare professionals who provide 24-hour care to individuals and their families. This shift and watch working style of nurses is a situation that creates changes in their adaptation to biological, psychological and social life. Working in this way contradicts the body's normal biological rhythm and can cause physical disorders such as chronic fatigue, insomnia, exhaustion, depression and tension-type headache (TTH) and damage to the person's family and social life. One of the most common problems among these disorders is TTH (Jensen, 2018). Studies have shown that TTH is experienced by 31.7% to 61% of nurses . In a study conducted on night shifts and pain perception in nurses, it was determined that sleeplessness increased and the perceived pain level increased, especially in shifts held at 12-hour intervals . Pain is one of the important determinants of quality of life. It is emphasized that depression, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, inability to cope with stress, and deterioration in social relationships are more common in individuals with pain than in those without pain. In the study of it was stated that all sub-dimension scores of the SF 36 Quality of Life Scale were low in individuals with TTH. Pharmacological methods are widely used in pain control. Studies have shown that there is an increase in the use of complementary and integrative treatment (CIT) methods or the willingness to use CIT methods together with pharmacological methods . When we look at the literature, CITs used in coping with pain include meditation, yoga, massage, deep breathing exercises, aromatherapy, relaxation exercises and applications such as reiki In some studies where CITs were applied; lavender inhalation applied to hemodialysis patients reduces the level of pain due to cannulation ; another study states that lavender oil inhalation applied for 15 minutes may be an effective and safe treatment method in the acute treatment of migraine headaches . Among these applications, aromatherapy massage has been one of the popular areas of TITs in recent systematic reviews (. In studies conducted with individuals diagnosed with cancer, it has been evaluated that aromatherapy massage applied significantly reduces the level of pain, and it has been determined that especially individuals who had pain before the application expressed relief after the application. The most commonly used essential oil in aromatherapy is medical lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil. It is stated that medicinal lavender, a powerful aromatic essential oil, has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Studies on the subject have reported that aromatherapy massage applied with medicinal lavender is effective in reducing the pain of patients with many pain conditions such as infantile colic, dysmenorrhea and cancer pain, joint and headache . In a meta-analysis study, it was found that aroma inhalation applied by blending lavender, mint, lemon balm and various essential oils had a positive effect on reducing stress. Another meta-analysis study states that there are studies indicating that lavender oil reduces pain and anxiety when used by inhalation It has been determined that massage applied to individuals with burns and pain and aromatherapy applied with lavender oil significantly reduce the anxiety and pain levels of the individuals In a meta-analysis study examining the effect of aromatherapy massage in which lavender oil was used alone or with different oil mixtures in pain control;it was determined that the massage activated the parasympathetic nervous system, increased the level of hormones such as endorphin and serotonin in the blood and significantly reduced pain . Another aromatic oil used in pain management is eucalyptus striodora. It has been observed that eucalyptus striodora oil, with its pleasant smell and limonene compound, is a nervous system regulator and reduces pain in conditions such as neuralgia and headache.