Effects of Neostigmine-dose on Diaphragmatic Dynamics

Overview

The goal of this Randomized Clinical Trial is to compare the postoperative diaphragmatic excursion between patients receiving half-dose neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) and those receiving full-dose neostigmine (0.08 mg/kg) for neuromuscular blockade reversal. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does half-dose neostigmine result in similar postoperative diaphragmatic excursion compared to full-dose neostigmine? * Does half-dose neostigmine result in similar diaphragmatic thickening fraction compared to full-dose neostigmine? Researchers will compare patients receiving half-dose neostigmine to those receiving full-dose neostigmine to see if there are differences in postoperative diaphragmatic function, respiratory complications, and recovery. Participants will: * Undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. * Receive either half-dose or full-dose neostigmine for neuromuscular blockade reversal.

Fifty patients from both genders scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in this study to compare diaphragmatic assessment parameters. Enrolled participants were randomly assigned to group A (patient receiving full dose of Neostigmine (0.08 mg/kg) plus Atropine (20 mic/kg)) or group B (patient receiving half dose of Neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg) plus Atropine (20 mic/kg)). This is a prospective study that will be conducted at Aswan University Hospital. Eligible participants will be adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II, and a body mass index (BMI) \< 35 kg/m². Patients with pre-existing diaphragmatic or respiratory disorders, ASA physical status III or IV, BMI \> 35 kg/m², chronic opioid use or abuse, pregnancy, or breastfeeding will be excluded.