To show the effect of pyramidal training for coronary artery disease prevention on: -Epicardial fat, BMI, Waist circumference (WC), Lipid profile, Quality of life and Mediterranean Diet Adherence.
Back Ground: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a type of ischemic heart disease characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the coronary arteries.Obesity leads to coronary artery disease (CAD) in part through an inflammatory process that accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation which may start as early as childhood. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of the heart .EAT has unique embryologic, anatomic, and histologic features, including smaller adipocytes and higher prevalence of immune cells when compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Purpose: To show the effect of pyramidal training for coronary artery disease prevention on: -Epicardial fat, BMI, Waist circumference (WC), Lipid profile, Quality of life and Mediterranean Diet Adherence. Methods: This study is Randomize Control Trail that will be carried out on 50 females' patients and will be selected from the Outpatient clinics at Pharos University. Patient will be randomly assigned to two groups. Experimental group: This group will include 25 patients who will receive pyramidal aerobic training by treadmill for 40 minutes per session (three sessions per week) for (12 weeks) in addition to Mediterranean diet. Control group: This group will include 25 patients who will receive Mediterranean diet for (12 weeks). Results: Data analysis with Independent t-test will be used to compare the baseline parameters between the intervention and control groups. Repeated measures ANOVA will be used to compare the changes in EATT, anthropometrics and lipid levels at the baseline and after 12 weeks between the two groups. Keywords: Pyramidal Training, Epicardial Fat, Coronary artery disease.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
50
Pyramidal training prescription:Mode of exercise: aerobic interval training. Intensity: ranging from 20-80% from THR. Duration: 40 minutes per session.Frequency: Three sessions per week for 12 weeks. The course of the program will be 2 sets of pyramidal training with 10 minutes for rest between them. Each set will be 5 levels of incremental and 5 levels of decremental aerobic exercise and each level 2 minutes on a treadmill. 1. Level one: will be set as a 20% walking of Karvonen formula. 2. Level two: will be set as a 30% running of Karvonen formula. 3. Level three: will be set as a 50%running of Karvonen formula. 4. Level four: will be set as a 70% running of Karvonen formula. 5. Level five: will be set as a 80% running of Karvonen formula.
Mediterranean diet: Meal Composition Main meals consumed daily should be a combination of three elements: cereals, vegetables and fruits, and a small quantity of legumes, beans or other (though not in every meal). Cereals in the form of bread, pasta, rice, couscous or bulgur (cracked wheat) should be consumed as one-two servings per meal. Vegetable consumption should amount to two or more servings per day, in raw form for at least one of the two main meals (lunch and dinner). Fruit should be considered as the primary form of dessert, with one-two servings per meal.
Cairo University
Cairo, Giza Governorate, Egypt
Epicardial adipose tissue thickness.
The echo measurements for EATT will be taken in standard parasternal view in the left lateral decubitus position by an experienced cardiologist, and the mean values between long- and short-axis views will record. The EAT is identify as the echo-free space between the outer wall of the myocardium and the visceral layer of the pericardium. The thickness is measure perpendicularly on the free wall of the right ventricle at end systole in three to ten cardiac cycles
Time frame: 12 weeks
(lipid profile) Blood test
Blood sampling will conduct 48 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session. Participants will instruct to stop eating for at least eight hours prior to the blood sample.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Anthropometric measurements
BMI was calculated by dividing body weight (kg) by the square of length (m2). Between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 , BMI is defined as normal, between 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 as overweight, ≥30 kg/m2 as obesity, and ≥35 as severe obesity. WC was measured from the midpoint of the lateral iliac prominences and the lowest rib while standing. It was high considered as 88 cm and above in women, 102 cm and above in men. Hip circumference was measured around the widest part of the hip, and WHR was calculated by dividing WC (cm) by hip circumference (cm). It was high considered as 0.85 and above in women, 0.90 and above in men
Time frame: 12 weeks
Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite Clinical Trials Version (IWQOL-Lite-CT)
The IWQOL-Lite-CT is a 20-item patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure designed to assess the impact of changes in weight on patients' physical and psychosocial functioning. Each item employs a 5-point graded response scale (never, rarely, sometimes, usually, always; or not at all true, a little true, moderately true, mostly true, completely true). In addition to yielding a Total score, the final 20-item IWQOL-Lite-CT includes two primary domains: Physical (7 items) and Psychosocial (13 items)
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Time frame: 12 weeks
14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS)
The MEDAS is a 14-item questionnaire requesting participants to report the habitual frequency of consumption or amount consumed of 12 main components of the MedDiet and two food habits related to the MedDiet. Each of the 14 items is scored 1 or 0, depending on whether participants adhere to each MedDiet component or not. If these conditions were not met, an item was assigned a score of 0. The resulting MEDAS-derived MedDiet score ranged from 0 to 14
Time frame: 12 weeks