Music Intervention in Exercise and Sport on Problematic Smartphone Use, Psychopathological Symptoms Among College Students

Smartphone Impact Scale (SIS)

The SIS is a 26-item scale developed in Italian to comprehensively account for smartphones' different cognitive, affective, social, and behavioural impacts in everyday life. The SIS dimensions were measured on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Time frame: 14 weeks

Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS)

The RSAS is a new self-report measure designed to assess the extent to which respondents experience fear or anxiety across several social situations (Situations scale), as well as the degree of distress and impairment associated with their social anxiety (Severity scale). Possible scores range from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating higher social anxiety.

Time frame: 14 weeks

Impulsive Behavior Short Scale-8 (I-8)

The Impulsive Behavior Short Scale-8 (I-8) measures the psychological construct of impulsivity with four subscales comprising two items each (completion time \< 1 min). I-8 consists of eight items measuring four personality facets that lead to impulsive behaviour: urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. It was measured on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly agree) to 4 (strongly disagree).

Time frame: 14 weeks

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-items (DASS-8)

The DASS-8 is an 8-item scale that evaluates stress, depression, and anxiety. Items are rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 (never or almost never) to 3 (almost always or always).

Time frame: 14 weeks

Multidimensional Self-Esteem Scale-12(MSES-12)

MSES-12 consists of six subscales comprising 12 items, each rated on a 7-point rating scale ranging from 1 (= not at all) to 7 (= very much) for items measuring the intensity and from 1 (= never) to 7 (= very much) for items measuring frequency.

Time frame: 14 weeks