This study investigates the relationship between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glycemic control, and periodontal disease. Researchers analyzed the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), in 118 participants. The participants were categorized based on their periodontal and diabetes control status.
This study is an observational analysis using a cross-sectional time perspective and explores the interplay between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glycemic control, and periodontal disease by evaluating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proinflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and PGE2) in gingival tissues. A total of 118 participants were classified into six groups based on their periodontal health and glycemic control status, determined by HbA1c levels. Gingival biopsies were collected and analyzed using ELISA to measure biomarker levels. The study found significant differences in inflammatory marker concentrations between groups, with poorly controlled T2DM participants showing markedly higher levels of iNOS and cytokines. This aligns with the hypothesis that poor glycemic control amplifies periodontal inflammation and oxidative stress, contributing to tissue destruction. The findings underline the critical role of glycemic regulation in managing periodontal disease and suggest potential targets, such as iNOS, for therapeutic interventions. This study adheres to ethical standards, including informed consent and approval by the Ondokuz Mayis University Clinical Research Ethics Committee. The results emphasize the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal health, contributing to a better understanding of the systemic implications of periodontal inflammation.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
118
Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University,
Samsun, Turkey (Türkiye)
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) concentration in gingival tissues
iNOS levels will be measured in gingival tissue biopsies collected from all participants using ELISA. The aim is to assess the differences in iNOS expression across groups with varying periodontal and glycemic control statuses.
Time frame: At baseline (single time point)
Concentration of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and PGE2)
The levels of cytokines will be analyzed in gingival tissue samples to investigate their relationship with iNOS expression and differences between study groups.
Time frame: At baseline (single time point)
Correlation between glycemic control (HbA1c levels) and iNOS/cytokine levels
The study will examine the relationship between glycemic control (as determined by HbA1c levels) and biomarkers to evaluate the impact of diabetes control on periodontal inflammation.
Time frame: At baseline (single time point)
Periodontal clinical parameters (e.g., probing depth, clinical attachment level)
Clinical periodontal measurements, such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), will be recorded to assess the severity of periodontal disease in each group.
Time frame: At baseline (single time point)
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