Anemia-Related Outcomes in Patients With CKD Treated With Dapagliflozin

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults (age \&gt; 18 years) diagnosed with CKD based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) criteria established by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. * Initiated treatment with Dapagliflozin for a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months. * Documented hemoglobin levels before and after Dapagliflozin initiation. * For patients receiving antidiabetic drug classes other that Dapagliflozin, they should be on stable doses for at least 4 weeks prior to trial enrollment. * For patients treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs, they should be on stable doses for at least 4 weeks prior to trial enrollment. Exclusion Criteria: * • Active malignancy or other life-limiting conditions. * Pregnancy. * Specific Kidney Diseases: Autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, Nephrotic syndrome, Lupus nephritis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis. * Receiving cytotoxic therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, or other immunotherapy for primary or secondary renal disease within 6 months before enrollment. * Receiving therapy with an SGLT2 inhibitors and/or erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) within 8 weeks before enrollment or previous intolerance of an SGLT2 inhibitors. * Type 1 diabetes mellitus. * Patients who had received red blood cell transfusions within 6 months before enrollment. * Patients who had significant active blood loss due to surgical procedures or medical conditions within 12 weeks before, and/or during enrollment. * Iron deficiency at baseline defined as a ferritin level \&lt;100 ng/mL or a TSAT \<20% and a ferritin level 100 to 299 ng/mL. * Cause of anemia other than CKD. * Patients with Serum iPTH \&gt;600 pg/mL at Screening. * Receiving any investigational drug within 4 weeks prior to enrollment.