Extensive evidence from epidemiological, genetic, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lipid-lowering therapies has firmly established a causal relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), establishing LDL-C as both a pathogenic risk factor and a critical therapeutic target. Lipid-lowering therapies targeting LDL-C have significantly decreased the overall risk in ASCVD patients. Consequently, current guidelines recommend, based on risk stratification, lowering LDL-C levels in high-risk ASCVD patients to \<1.4 mmol/L with a ≥50% reduction from baseline. Findings from PROVE IT-TIMI 22, IMPROVE-IT, ODYSSEY OUTCOMES, and FOURIER-OLE trials suggest that achieving extremely low LDL-C levels may further reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in ASCVD patients without substantially increasing clinically relevant adverse events; however, randomized data was still scarce in supporting this notion. Against these backgrounds, we have designed this trial to investigate whether targeting LDL-C levels \<0.8 mmol/L in high-risk ASCVD patients results in a significant reduction in adverse events compared to targeting LDL-C levels of 0.8-1.4 mmol/L.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
12,000
By Statin, Ezetimibe, or PCSK9i, prescribed according to LDL-C level at baseline and follow-up; For patients with baseline LDL-C level \< 3.0 mmol/L, it is recommended to start lipid control by statin + PCSK9i; for LDL-C level ≥ 3.0 mmol/L, statin + ezetimibe + PCSK9i
By Statin, Ezetimibe, or PCSK9i, prescribed according to LDL-C level at baseline and follow-up; For patients with baseline LDL-C level \< 3.0 mmol/L, it is recommended to start lipid control by statin alone or statin + ezetimibe; for LDL-C level ≥ 3.0 mmol/L, statin + PCSK9i
Xijing Hospital
Xi'an, Shannxi, China
Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events
MACCE, a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and any revascularization.
Time frame: 24 months
Patient-oriented composite endpoint
PoCE, a composite of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, revascularization, is the first major secondary outcome.
Time frame: 24 months
Device-oriented Composite Endpoint
DoCE, a composite of cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction, clinically and physiologically-indicated target lesion revascularization, is the second major secondary outcome.
Time frame: 24 months
Composite of all-cause death, stroke, and myocardial infarction
The composite of all-cause death, stroke, and myocardial infarction is the third major secondary outcome.
Time frame: 24 months
All-cause death
All-cause death is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Cardiovascular death
Cardiovascular death is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Stroke
Stroke is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Revascularization
Revascularization is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Target lesion revascularization
Target lesion revascularization is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Clinically and physiologically-indicated target lesion revascularization
Clinically and physiologically-indicated target lesion revascularization is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
Cardiovascular hospitalization
Cardiovascular hospitalization is considered as other secondary endpoint
Time frame: 24 months
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