The Pain Perception Threshold in Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity

Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital84 enrolled

Overview

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the disease subtype affects the presence of chronic pain and pain perception threshold in pediatric patients followed up with the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and to evaluate the factors that may be related to pain perception threshold in disease subtypes.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

Conditions

Pain Threshold Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD)

Interventions

Pain perception thresholdOTHER

The patients' pressure pain threshold will be evaluated with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®).The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 6 YearsMax age: 17 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria * Being between the ages of 6-17 * Being at a clinically normal mental level Exclusion Criteria: * Having verbal and visual communication problems * Having a history of perinatal complications or physical head trauma * Having comorbid psychiatric disorders other than oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder * Known history of chronic physical and neurological disease (such as cerebral palsy, diabetes, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, liver and kidney failure) * Presence of substance or alcohol use disorder * Having a genetic disorder diagnosis

Locations (1)

Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital

Edirne, Turkey (Türkiye)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

pressure pain threshold

The pressure pain threshold will be assessed with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®). The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee. During the measurement, the 1.52 cm2 flat circular probe of the algometer will be placed on the relevant area and the pressure will be increased by 1 kg/second. Patients will be asked to express their pain by saying 'stop' or raising their hands when they feel slight discomfort. The value for each reference area will be obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of the paired measurements.

Time frame: Baseline

Secondary Outcomes

Presence of chronic pain

It will be questioned whether there has been continuous pain in any part of the body for at least 3 months.

Time frame: Baseline

Pain score

The patients' pain score will be evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). A 10 cm long horizontal straight line will be used in the NRS evaluation. Before the evaluation, the patient will be informed that a value of 0 represents no pain and a value of 10 represents the most severe pain felt to date. Patients will be asked to answer by considering the average of their pain over the last 3 days.

Time frame: Baseline

Duration of chronic pain

The duration of pain that has continued for at least 3 months in any part of the body will be questioned.

Time frame: Baseline

Sociodemographic data of patient

gender, age, height, weight, age of onset of complaints, duration of medication use, number of siblings, primary caregiver

Time frame: Baseline

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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