Role of Interleukin-1β and Prostaglandin E2 in Prediction and Outcome of Apnea in Neonates

Inclusion Criteria: * Preterm infants born at less than 37 weeks of gestation. * Neonates aged from birth up to 28 days. * Neonates diagnosed with apnea of prematurity or exhibiting apneic episodes Exclusion Criteria: * Full-term neonates. * Neonates with major congenital malformations or genetic syndromes. * Neonates with severe neurological impairments (e.g., intraventricular hemorrhage grade III or IV). * Neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis or active infections. * Neonates receiving steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or other medications known to alter interleukin-1β or prostaglandin E2 levels. * Neonates with congenital heart diseases. * Neonates with a history of significant birth asphyxia requiring extensive resuscitation. * Neonates whose parents or guardians refuse to provide informed consent.