Clinical Analysis of the Antihypertensive Effect of Laparoscopic Peripheral Nerve Blockade of the Renal Artery in Patients With Retroperitoneal Disease and Hypertension

Inclusion Criteria: * Renal artery diameter ≥ 4 mm, length ≥ 20 mm. * Age between 18 and 75 years, male or female. * Scheduled to undergo laparoscopic surgery: The patient has a clear diagnosis of adrenal tumor, early-stage renal malignancy, renal cyst, etc., and meets the surgical indications recommended by guidelines or relative surgical indications but has a strong willingness for surgery. The patient requires surgery (such as laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy, laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic renal cyst decapitation, etc.) and meets the surgical conditions. * A clear diagnosis of hypertension: Either the patient has never used antihypertensive medications, with in-office blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and \< 180/110 mmHg, or 24-hour daytime ambulatory blood pressure ≥ 135/85 mmHg and \< 170/105 mmHg. Alternatively, the patient has been diagnosed with hypertension and has been taking antihypertensive medications for at least 4 weeks. * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 ml/min/1.73 m². * The patient is willing and able to comply with the study protocol, provide written informed consent, and agrees to participate in follow-up assessments. Exclusion Criteria: * Renal artery abnormalities: Hemodynamic or anatomical stenosis (≥50%) of one renal artery; post-renal artery balloon angioplasty or stent placement; * Cardiovascular risk factors: Including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or cerebrovascular events within the past 6 months; extensive atherosclerosis with intravascular thrombosis or unstable plaques; and significant hemodynamic changes due to heart valve disease; * History of similar surgeries: Such as previous renal sympathetic nerve ablation via catheter; * Other severe organic diseases; * Participation in other clinical studies; * Investigator's judgment: The investigator determines that, based on medical expertise, the patient is unsuitable for participation in the study.