Effectiveness-Implementation Evaluation of Acute Kidney Injury Decision Support

Johns Hopkins University200,000 enrolled

Overview

Study Purpose: This study is testing an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered clinical decision support (CDS) system designed to help emergency department (ED) doctors detect and manage acute kidney injury (AKI) earlier. The goal is to see whether the tool improves patient care, clinician decision-making, and hospital outcomes when used in real-world ED settings. Study Design: The AI tool will be gradually introduced at three hospital EDs: Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) Bayview Medical Center (BMC) Howard County General Hospital (HCGH) Before the tool is activated, it will run in the background to collect baseline data without influencing care. Once implemented, doctors will receive training, and researchers will track how often the tool is used and whether it improves AKI care. What the Study Measures: Process Outcomes: Does the tool help doctors identify AKI sooner, avoid harmful medications, and improve decision-making about hospitalization? Clinical Outcomes: Does the tool reduce the number and severity of AKI cases and improve kidney-related health outcomes? Implementation Outcomes: Do ED doctors find the tool useful? Does it fit into the ED doctor's workflow without slowing the ED doctor's down? Expected Impact: If successful, the AI tool could be expanded to other hospitals and used to improve early detection and treatment of AKI, reducing kidney complications and improving patient care nationwide.

Study Type

OBSERVATIONAL

Enrollment

200,000

Conditions

Acute Kidney Injury

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: Participants must meet all of the following conditions to be eligible for the study: 1. Emergency Department Visit Patients presenting to one of the three study site emergency departments (EDs): Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) Bayview Medical Center (BMC) Howard County General Hospital (HCGH) Serum Creatinine Measurement 2. At least one serum creatinine (sCr) test performed during the ED visit. 3. Age: Adults (≥18 years old) at the time of ED visit. 4. Follow-Up Data Available: To be included in analysis for the investigator's secondary effectiveness outcome (new or progressive AKI) patients must have repeat creatinine concentration measurement available within 72 hours Exclusion Criteria: 1. No ED Serum Creatinine Data: Patients who do not have a measured serum creatinine (sCr) value during the ED visit will not have decision support provided during the ED stay. 2. Patients Discharged Without Follow-Up Data: Patients discharged from the ED who do not undergo a follow-up serum creatinine test within 72 hours will be excluded from analysis of new or progressive AKI outcome assessment. 3. Age \<18 Years 4. End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) or Chronic Dialysis: Patients with a documented history of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), (patients receiving chronic dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis) will will be excluded from analysis of new or progressive AKI outcome assessment).

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Number of Patients who receive Guideline-Concordant Kidney Care

Time frame: From time of decision support provision until departure from the ED, approximately 6 hours

Secondary Outcomes

New or Progressive Acute Kidney Injury

Time frame: Within 72 hours of first creatinine measurement in the ED

Perceived usefulness and usability of AKIDS software as assessed by the System Usability Score

Will be assessed using the usability using the System Usability Score, a 10-item Likert scale that yields a single composite score on a scale of 0-100, with 100 being most usable.

Time frame: Prior to AKIDS implementation, immediately after implementation, and post implementation 6 months