Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Dental Implant Success

Inclusion Criteria: * Being over 18 years old, * Having a history of PPI use for more than six months, * Having at least one bone-level and axially placed dental implant in the maxilla or mandible, * Having a minimum of one year elapsed since the prosthetic restoration following dental implant placement, * Having undergone routine clinical follow-ups and radiological evaluations with periapical radiographs taken using the parallel cone technique after dental implant placement. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals with a history of PPI use for less than six months, * Individuals with periapical radiographs of low image quality or with artifacts, * Individuals for whom the regions selected for fractal analysis on periapical radiographs are not appropriately sized, * Individuals who have not undergone routine clinical and radiographic follow-ups.