The goal of this observational study is to validate a novel patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients suffering maxillofacial trauma: The Integrated Modular Patient-Reported Outcome Assessment for Craniomaxillofacial Trauma (IMPACT). The primary question is: Are the IMPACT modules valid and reliable measures to study quality-of-life (QOL) in patients with maxillofacial trauma? Patients presenting for routine clinic follow-up for maxillofacial trauma will be invited to complete the IMPACT in addition to the 15 Dimension (15D) QOL survey as a control.
Background: Maxillofacial trauma literature is dominated by objective and physician-rated outcomes, leaving a paucity of patient-reported outcome (PRO) research. In fact, no PRO measure (PROM) has ever been validated in this population, posing a tremendous barrier to our understanding of the patient experience. This project will overcome this barrier by validating a novel PROM designed by our research group: The Integrated Modular Patient-Reported Outcome Assessment for Craniomaxillofacial Trauma (IMPACT). The IMPACT is the first PROM designed for maxillofacial trauma, providing novel insight into the patient experience. In its current form, it is a 4-module survey instrument: one general module for all patients (IMPACT-G) and 3 modules specific to fractures of the nasal (IMPACT-N), orbital (IMPACT-O), and/or jaw (IMPACT-J) regions. Each module takes 2-5 minutes to complete for a total of 2-20 minutes, depending on the injury. Objectives: This study will be a multi-institutional field test to determine the validity and reliability of using the IMPACT for measuring QOL in patients suffering maxillofacial trauma. The hypothesis is that each IMPACT module and subscale will significantly and at least moderately correlate with the 15D, an established general QOL survey instrument. Methods: Patients with maxillofacial trauma presenting for routine follow-up within one year from their injury will be invited to complete the IMPACT and the 15D survey. Patients who completed an initial survey and return within one month will be invited to complete a second follow-up survey. The scores be tested for validity and reliability using multivariable linear regression, Pearson's r, Cronbach alpha, and test-retest reliability. The sensitivity to change and minimally clinically important difference (MCID) will also be calculated. Impact: Validation of the first PROM for maxillofacial trauma is anticipated to have a significant and lasting impact in the field of maxillofacial trauma. This will allow researchers and clinicians to better understand the patient experience and make management recommendations accordingly. Integrating the IMPACT into future studies may revolutionize the field by providing novel evidence for controversial topics such as maxillomandibular fixation techniques, surgical approaches, adjunctive therapies, and more.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
500
Administration of the general IMPACT survey module.
Administration of the IMPACT-N survey module.
Administration of the IMPACT-O survey module.
Administration of the IMPACT-J survey module.
Administration of the 15D QOL control survey.
University of California, Davis
Sacramento, California, United States
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, United States
University of Tennessee Health Science Center
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
Criterion validity: Correlation of IMPACT modules with the 15D QOL control survey
Criterion validity will primarily be determined by calculating the correlation between each of the IMPACT module total scores and the 15D QOL control survey via Pearson's r, controlling for independent variables that influence survey scores.
Time frame: When the initial survey is completed (within 12 months of the injury).
Reliability: Covariance of each item in the IMPACT modules and subscales
The reliability of each module and subscale will be measured via Cronbach alpha's measurement of internal consistency,
Time frame: When the initial survey is completed (within 12 months of the injury).
Sensitivity to Change: Change in IMPACT scores over the treatment course.
The sensitivity to change will be evaluated by comparing consecutive IMPACT module and subscale scores for patients who completed the survey two times.
Time frame: At the completion of the second survey.
Sensitivity to Change: Change in IMPACT scores over the treatment course.
Follow-up IMPACT scores will be collected 4 weeks from the baseline recruitment and analyzed for improvement from the baseline scores.
Time frame: Baseline (at recruitement, Day 0) and at 4 weeks.
Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID)
The MCID will be calculated for each IMPACT module and subscale via an anchor-based approach, using a single global question designed to comprehensively assess how the patient feels regarding their facial injury.
Time frame: When the initial survey is completed (within 12 months of the injury).
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