"It is known that pelvic parameters affect physical hip functions in hip pathologies. Depending on the type and severity of hip pathologies, posture, muscle strength, balance, and pain parameters may change, thereby impacting an individual's quality of life. This study aimed to examine the postural parameters, muscle strength, balance, quality of life, pain intensity, and pain localization of individuals with different hip pathologies, including hip osteoarthritis, hip impingement syndrome, hip labrum tear, hip dysplasia, and hip avascular necrosis."
Volunteers with hip pathologies, such as hip osteoarthritis, hip impingement syndrome, hip labrum tear, hip dysplasia, and hip avascular necrosis, will be included in the study. Prior to the study, the responsible researcher will provide detailed face-to-face information regarding the study's content, the scales to be applied, the importance of these scales, and the evaluation processes. Individuals who agree to participate will sign an informed consent form before the evaluations begin. Demographic information will be recorded, and the dominant extremity for both the upper and lower extremities will be determined. The measurements and evaluations will be conducted by the same researcher using a consistent evaluation method for all participants included in the study. Volunteers with hip joint pathologies who apply to the Orthopedic Unit of Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy will be included in the study. During the initial interview, participants will be informed about the surveys and the parameters to be evaluated. The sample size was calculated using the G\*Power 3.1 program, with an effect size of 0.74, an alpha error rate of 0.05, and a test power of 0.80. This included individuals with various hip pathologies (hip osteoarthritis, hip impingement syndrome, hip labrum tear, hip dysplasia, and hip avascular necrosis). The sample size for the study was determined to be 30 individuals with hip pathologies and 30 healthy individuals. To account for potential incomplete evaluations, a total of 66 participants, with an additional 10%, will be included. Inclusion Criteria: Diagnosed with one of the following: hip osteoarthritis, hip impingement syndrome, hip labrum tear, hip dysplasia, or hip avascular necrosis, experiencing mechanical impact on the hip joint, symptoms ongoing for at least 6 months, aged between 18 and 65 years Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosed with scoliosis by a physician, diagnosed with any developmental disorder (e.g., Scheuermann's/Calve disorder), diagnosed with a neurological and/or cognitive disease that may affect cognitive functions, diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis, underwent surgery on the spine or extremities, diagnosed with an infection (e.g., spinal tuberculosis) or tumor (e.g., multiple myeloma), epilepsy or use of antidepressants/attention-enhancing drugs.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
110
Hacettepe University
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Postural Parameter
The postures of the participants will be evaluated using the 4-DIERS. In this method, white light lines (raster lines) are projected onto the participants' backs, and the curvature of these lines is used to create a 3D shape of the back. The patterns formed by these curved lines are detected by the camera. With the help of the software, the detected convex and concave regions allow for the immediate determination of anatomical landmarks and fixed points. A mathematical algorithm is used to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the spine.
Time frame: Up to 4 weeks
Pain Threshold
The pain threshold evaluation with an algometer is a method used to assess an individual's sensitivity to pressure-induced pain. An algometer is a device that applies gradually increasing pressure to a specific point on the body until the subject perceives pain. This measurement is referred to as the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and is widely used in clinical and research settings to evaluate pain sensitivity in conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders, fibromyalgia, and chronic pain syndromes. Pain threshold values are typically recorded in kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm²) or Newtons (N). The minimum pain threshold represents the lowest pressure at which pain is first perceived, while the maximum pain threshold indicates the highest tolerated pressure before withdrawal. The mean PPT is calculated based on multiple measurements at different anatomical sites to provide a more reliable assessment of an individual's pain sensitivity. Lower pain threshold values suggest high
Time frame: Baseline
Hip and Hip Related Pain
The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a widely used tool for assessing pain intensity and other subjective experiences, such as fatigue or discomfort. It consists of a 10-centimeter (100 mm) horizontal or vertical line, with endpoints representing "no pain" (0) on the left and "worst imaginable pain" (10 or 100) on the right. Patients mark a point on the line that best reflects their perceived pain intensity. The minimum VAS score is 0, indicating no pain, while the maximum score is 10 (or 100, depending on scaling), representing severe or unbearable pain. The mean VAS score is often calculated in studies to determine the average pain level within a group of patients. The scale is simple, quick to administer, and highly effective in capturing pain variations over time, making it a valuable tool in clinical practice and research for monitoring pain management and treatment outcomes.
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Time frame: Baseline
Muscle Strength
The Lafayette Manual Muscle Dynamometer (Lafayette MMD) is a handheld device used to measure muscle strength in various muscle groups. It provides objective, quantifiable data on muscle force production, making it useful in rehabilitation, sports science, and clinical assessments of neuromuscular conditions. The device applies resistance to a specific muscle or muscle group while recording the maximum isometric force exerted by the patient. Muscle strength measurements with the Lafayette MMD are typically recorded in kilograms (kg) or Newtons (N). The minimum strength value represents the lowest recorded force, while the maximum strength value is the highest force exerted by the muscle during testing. The mean strength value is calculated to provide an overall assessment of muscle function. Higher values indicate greater muscle strength, whereas lower values may suggest muscle weakness or impairment, which is particularly relevant for patients undergoing rehabilitation or recovering
Time frame: Baseline
Hip Functions
The Harris Hip Score (HHS) is a clinician-based outcome measure used to assess the function, pain, and range of motion in patients undergoing hip surgery or suffering from hip disorders. The total score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better hip function. The HHS includes four main components: pain (44 points), function (47 points), absence of deformity (4 points), and range of motion (5 points). A score of 90-100 is considered excellent, 80-89 good, 70-79 fair, and below 70 poor.
Time frame: Baseline
Hip Functions
The Hip Outcome Score (HOS) is a patient-reported outcome measure designed primarily for younger, active individuals, especially those undergoing hip arthroscopy. It consists of two subscales: the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscale (17 items) and the Sports subscale (9 items). Each item is scored on a 0 to 4 scale, with 0 representing an inability to perform the activity and 4 indicating no difficulty. The total score is calculated as a percentage, with 100% representing the best possible function. The HOS is particularly useful for assessing hip function in active populations and tracking progress after surgical or non-surgical interventions.
Time frame: Baseline