Effect of TDCS Combined with Intraoral Electrical Stimulation

MWST

The patient was instructed to stay in a Sitting or standing position, drink 1 ml, 3 ml, and 5 ml of water, respectively, and drink 30 ml of water when the patient did not show abnormal manifestations. The severity of dysphagia is classified as 1-5 according to the time the patient drinks water, whether there is choking, swallowing in fractions, etc., and the lower the rating, the better the swallowing function. (1) significantly effective: the MWST assessment reached grade 1 or decreased ≥ grade 2. (2) Effective: MWST assessment is reduced by 1 level. (3) Ineffective: There is no change before and after the MWST assessment. Total effective rate = (significant effect + effective) number of cases/total number x 100%.

Time frame: 4 weeks

FOIS

The patient's oral feeding function is according to the type of food and the way the patient eats. 1 point: No oral food at all; 2 points: Dependent on tube feeding, can try to eat the smallest amount; 3 points: 3 points: tube feeding, oral ingestion of food or liquid of single quality；4 points: Completely oral consumption of a single quality of food; 5 points: Completely oral consumption of a variety of food qualities, but special preparation or compensation is required; 6 points: Eat completely by mouth, but with special food restrictions; 7 points: No restriction on complete oral feeding, The score is directly proportional to the swallowing function.

Time frame: 4 weeks

RAS

1 point, the bolus does not enter the airway; 2 points, the bolus enters the airway, is above the level of the vocal cords, and is ejected from the airway; 3 points, the bolus enters the airway, is above the level of the vocal cords, and is not ejected from the airway; At 4 minutes, the bolus enters the airway and is ejected from the airway; 5 points, the bolus enters the airway, but does not eject from the airway; 6 points, the substance enters the airway, reaches below the level of the vocal cords, and is ejected into the larynx or outside the airway; At 7 minutes, the bolus enters the airway and reaches below the level of the vocal cords, but the force is still not ejected from the trachea; At 8 points, the bolus enters the airway, reaches below the level of the vocal cords, and is unable to eject. PAS was assessed according to the Videofluoroscopy Swallowing Study (VFSS) or Point-of-Care Fiberoptic Endoscopic Swallowing.

Time frame: 4 weeks

Hyoid laryngeal complex mobility

X-ray recording of the upward and anterior displacement of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage during swallowing. After 4 weeks of treatment, the dynamic (swallowing state), the static hyoid bone, and thyroid cartilage positions, and the dynamic and static differences of thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone in the vertical and horizontal directions were recorded as the upward distance and forward distance, respectively.

Time frame: 4 weeks

Maximum Amplitude and Swallowing Time of Surface Electromyography

Maximum Amplitude: This refers to the highest voltage peak recorded by the electromyography (EMG) analyzer during the swallowing process. It is an indicator of the strength of muscle activation involved in swallowing. Higher maximum amplitudes suggest stronger muscle contractions and potentially better swallowing function.Swallowing Time: This is the duration, measured in seconds, from the onset of the swallowing action (initiated by the movement of the tongue) to the completion of the bolus passing through the pharynx and entering the esophagus. Shorter swallowing times are generally associated with more efficient swallowing mechanics and reduced risk of aspiration.

Time frame: 4 weeks