Training Cognition With Neurofeedback After Stroke

University Hospital, Bordeaux20 enrolled

Overview

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common source of invisible disability. The actual techniques of cognitive remediation have been reported to have only a small effect, justifying the need to foster research in this field. Real-time functional MRI neurofeedack (rt-fMRI NF) is a procedure of brain-machine interface supporting self-regulation of brain activity, with promising results in the treatment of mental disorders. The main objective of the study is to evaluate in a pilot study, the ability of stroke patients to learn to self-regulate their brain activity in a priviledged direction, using rt-fMRI NF

Stroke is a major source of cognitive impairment including slowdown of processing speed, executive functions disturbances, attention and memory loss, that can lead to invisible disability, even before the ultimate stage of dementia. The traditional techniques of cognitive remediation have been reported to have a small effect, and european scientific societies stated on the need to foster research in the field of PSCI, with the goal of preventing cognitive decline. PSCI mechanisms arising from functional MRI studies include a disconnexion of brain networks, with a loss of segregation between networks and integration within networks, centered on the frontoparietal network. Rt-fMRI NF is a psychophysiological procedure of brain-machine interface enabling to a subject to learn to self-regulate his brain activity in a desired direction, based on the brain haemodynamic response. Promising results in the treatment of mental disorders have been reported using rt-fMRI NF, but data are scarce in the field of cognitive rehabilitation after stroke. Based on the mechanisms of PSCI reported in fMRI studies, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the ability of stroke patients to learn to self-regulate a brain target using rt-fMRI NF. The brain target is defined by the difference of activation between the central executive network (CEN, or frontoparietal network) and the default mode network (DMN), known to be highly anticorrelated with the CEN in the healthy brain. The experimental procedure will include four training sessions of rt-fMRI NF (1/week), preceded by a localizer session for the identification of the target networks, and followed by a tranfer session where the subjects will be asked to try to self-regulate their brain activity but without receiving feedback. A control group will perform the four fMRI sessions but without receiving feedback. The two groups will receive cognitive remediation therapy as treatment as usual. Resting state scans and diffusion tensor imaging seqences will be performed before and after the intervention, to measure the changes in functional and structural connectivity. A neuropsychological assessment will be also performed before and after the intervention, to measure the changes in cognitive performances.

Interventions

Cognitive remediation therapyPROCEDURE

Cognitive remediation therapy as treatment as usual

Neuropsychological assessmentPROCEDURE

Neuropsychological assessment to measure cognitive performances

Real-time functional MRI neurofeedack (rt-fMRI NF)PROCEDURE

Real-time functional MRI neurofeedack (rt-fMRI NF) is a procedure of brain-machine interface supporting self-regulation of brain activity, with promising results in the treatment of mental disorders. The main objective of the study is to evaluate in a pilot study, the ability of stroke patients to learn to self-regulate their brain activity in a priviledged direction.

fMRI sessionsPROCEDURE

fMRI sessions but without receiving feedback

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 75 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Men or women * Right handed * 18 ≤ years old \< 75 * first-ever ischemic stroke on brain MRI in the past 3 to 6 months ; * Persisting cognitive complaint 3 months after the ischemic stroke, proved by a MoCA score ≤ 26 (if educational level ≥ 12 years, or ≤ 25 if educational level \< 12 years), and involving at least one of the following cognitive domains : executive functions, attention, and processing speed ; * Ischemic stroke located in the territory of the middle cerebral artery and /or basal ganglia/thalamus ; * NIHSS ≤ 5, without aphasia or severe visual disability empeding the understanding of the instructions, the neurofeedback task achievement, and/or the neuropsychological assessment ; * No prestroke disability defined by a modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2 ; * For women of childbearing potential, use of effective contraception and negative pregnancy test. * Written informed consent by the patient. * Coverage by the French Social Insurance Exclusion Criteria: * Previous cognitive impairment ; * History of psychiatric disorder ; * Current use of psychotropic medication ; * MRI contraindication ; * Pregnancy or breastfeeding ; * Chronic disease empeding the follow-up of the subject during the lenght of the study ; * Non fluently-French speakers ; * Patient under legal protection. * Patient unable of giving personal consent * Emergency situation * 1st MRI incomplete, not performed or not analyzable

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Differential CEN-DMN activity and imaging contrast between regulation and rest

Change from baseline to each training session on the CEN-DMN activity during regulation compared with rest, in the experimental and control groups

Time frame: Through study training completion, an average of 4 weeks

Secondary Outcomes

Evolution of global cognition assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Change from baseline to the end of the study on the MoCA score. The MoCA score allows the detection of mild cognitive impairment and is ranged from 0 (minimum) to 30 (maximum : no cognitive impairment).

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Evolution of executive functions assessed by a composite score

Change from baseline to the end of the study on a composite Z-score made from the averages of the Z-scores of the following tests : * verbal fluency : the subject is asked to cite a maximum of animals, letters starting with the letter P and V in 60 seconds) ; * memory span (working memory) : the subject is asked to restitute a maximum of the items of a list immediatly after hearing them) ; * Trail making Test (cognitive flexibility) : the subject is asked to link a set of digits in increasing order, alternating with letters, or items of different shapes or colors, the number of errors is recorded ; * Stroop task (inhibition capacity) : the subject is asked to name the font color of a list of words of colors which don't match their font color ; * Zoo testing plan (scheduling ability) : the subject is asked to follow a list of instructions for the visit of a zoo, while dealing with a list of constraints.

Time frame: through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Evolution of attentional functions assessed by the Mesulam cancellation task

Change from baseline to the end of the study on the Mesulam cancellation task : the subject is asked to cancel a specific target among random arrays of structured and unstructured verbal and nonverbal stimuli.

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6weeks

Evolution of processing speed assessed by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)

Change from baseline to the end of the study on the SDMT : the subject is provided with a set of symbols corresponding to numbers, and he is asked to write the symbols corresponding to a specific list of numbers in 5 minutes.

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Evolution of memory functions assessed by the 16-item Free and Cued Recall

Change from baseline to the end of the study on the 16-item Free and Cued Recall : the subject is asked to recall a set of 16 words presented by 4, immediately and after an interfering task, the number of free and cued correct recalls are recorded.

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Evolution of visuospatial functions assessed by the Rey figure

Change from baseline to the end of the study on the Rey figure : the subject is asked to copy a complex figure as quickly as possible, and then, to reproduce the figure without the model.

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Evolution of language functions assessed byt the 40-item neuropsychological semantic battery

Change from baseline to the end of the study on the 40-item neuropsychological semantic battery : the subject is asked to name a set of 40 living and non living items in verbal and visual conditions, across 6 subtests of matching.

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Evolution of the Central Executive Network (CEN) activity

Change from baseline to each training session in the CEN activity recorded in the CEN mask during regulation compared with rest, in the experimental and control groups. The CEN mask is a binary mask individualized after running a pipeline for each subject, and the functional activity into this mask is extracted to assess the specific trajectory of the CEN activity.

Time frame: Through study training completion, an average of 4 weeks

Evolution of the Default Mode Network (DMN) activity

Change from baseline to each training session in the DMN activity recorded in the DMN mask during regulation compared with rest, in the experimental and control groups. The DMN mask is a binary mask individualized after running a pipeline for each subject, and the functional activity into this mask is extracted to assess the specific trajectory of DMN activity.

Time frame: Through study training completion, an average of 4 weeks

Evolution of activity in the whole brain

Change from baseline to each training session on the whole brain activity during regulation compared with rest, in the experimental and control groups

Time frame: Through study training completion, an average of 4 weeks

Evolution of resting state CEN and DMN activity

Change in correlation between resting state CEN and DMN activity before intervention compared with after intervention.

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Microstructural changes assessed by Fractional Anisotropy (FA)

Change in median FA parameters before intervention compared with after intervention

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Microstructural changes assessed by Mean Diffusivity (MD)

Change in median MD parameters (mm2/sec) before intervention compared with after intervention

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Microstructural changes assessed by Axial Diffusivity (AD)

Change in median AD parameters (mm2/sec) before intervention compared with after intervention

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Microstructural changes assessed by Radial Diffusivity (RD)

Change in median RD parameters (mm2/sec) before intervention compared with after intervention

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Differential CEN-DMN activity and imaging contrast between regulation and rest, without neurofeedback

Change from baseline to the last fMRI session (" transfert session " without neurofeedback) on the CEN-DMN activity during regulation compared with rest, in the experimental and control groups

Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 6 weeks

Training Cognition With Neurofeedback After Stroke

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Central Contacts