Comparison of Impar Ganglion Block and Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients with Coccygodynia

Overview

Coccygodynia is a condition that causes pain in the tailbone (coccyx) area. While it can develop after trauma, such as a fall or fracture, in some cases, no clear cause is identified. Patients who do not experience relief from standard treatments like pain medications, physical therapy, and posture adjustments may be referred to specialized pain management clinics for further treatment options. Several interventional procedures can help manage coccygodynia. These include impar ganglion block, radiofrequency ablation, caudal epidural steroid injections, sacral erector spinae plane (ESP) block, and coccygeal nerve blocks. These procedures are commonly performed in pain treatment centers and aim to reduce discomfort by targeting specific nerves responsible for transmitting pain signals. Impar ganglion block is one of the most frequently used treatments for coccygodynia. It involves injecting a local anesthetic, with or without steroids, into a small nerve cluster in front of the sacrococcygeal joint. This procedure is performed under ultrasound and/or fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance in a sterile operating room setting to ensure accuracy and safety. While the goal is to relieve pain, potential risks include temporary worsening of pain, bleeding, infection, or, in rare cases, rectal injury. Another interventional option is the sacral erector spinae plane (ESP) block, a technique that delivers local anesthetic under the erector spinae muscles in the sacrum. This procedure, also performed under ultrasound guidance in a sterile environment, is used to block pain signals from the coccyx and surrounding areas. Like the impar ganglion block, it can be effective for pain relief, but possible side effects include temporary pain increase, bleeding, and infection at the injection site. Both procedures are minimally invasive.

Coccygodynia is defined as pain localized in the coccygeal region. While previous trauma and fractures may contribute to its development, in many cases, no identifiable etiology can be determined. Patients who continue to experience pain despite conservative treatment and physiotherapy are often referred to pain management outpatient clinics for interventional treatment options. Various interventional procedures are utilized in the management of coccygodynia, including impar ganglion block and radiofrequency applications, caudal epidural steroid injections, sacral erector spinae plane block, and coccygeal nerve blocks, all of which are commonly performed in pain treatment clinics. Impar ganglion block is administered under sterile conditions in the sacrococcygeal region within an operating room setting, utilizing ultrasound and/or fluoroscopic guidance. This procedure aims to alleviate pain; however, potential complications include increased pain, bleeding at the procedural site, rectal perforation, and infection. Sacral erector spinae plane block is another interventional approach performed under sterile conditions in the operating room using ultrasound guidance. Similar to the impar ganglion block, its primary objective is pain reduction, though it also carries risks such as increased pain, bleeding, and infection at the procedural site