Flipped Learning in PPH Education: Impact on Midwifery Students' Knowledge, Skills, Self-Efficacy, and Satisfaction

Overview

Maternal death refers to a woman's death due to direct or indirect causes during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days postpartum. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality globally and in our country. Rapid and effective management of PPH is crucial in reducing maternal deaths. WHO, UNFPA, and UNICEF emphasize the critical role of midwives in PPH management, highlighting the importance of enhancing their knowledge and skills during pre-graduate education. Traditional education models are often insufficient for fostering permanent learning, especially in acquiring psychomotor skills like PPH management. In traditional learning, classroom instruction follows a teacher-centered approach, covering only the first two levels of Bloom's taxonomy-knowledge and comprehension-while higher-order cognitive skills such as application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are left to individual effort. However, effective and lasting learning requires an active learning environment where students engage more deeply with the material. The flipped learning model addresses these challenges by allowing students to access foundational knowledge outside the classroom and dedicate class time to higher-order skills like discussion, application, and problem-solving. This model enhances learning through technology and interactive face-to-face activities, fostering professional competence in health education. While the flipped learning model is widely used in health education, most studies focus on theoretical knowledge, with limited research on psychomotor skill acquisition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped learning in midwifery education for both theoretical and psychomotor skill development. The findings are expected to contribute to advancements in midwifery education and healthcare services.