Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence rate and mortality in China. According to the data of the World Health Organization, 324000 new cases and 301000 deaths of esophageal cancer will occur in China in 2020, accounting for 53.70% and 55.35% of the global incidence and death of esophageal cancer respectively. Surgery is the main method for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer, combined with chemoradiotherapy(CRT), in order to achieve curative resection. However, after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery, 36-50% of patients still experience recurrence or metastasis, and the prognosis for early recurrence is worse. Adjuvant chemotherapy plays a particularly beneficial role in terms of disease-free survival(DFS) in patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy and patients with pathologic lymph-node-positive disease. however, less than 50% of eligible patients receive their scheduled adjuvant chemotherapy due to delays, treatment compliance, and postoperative complications. Among patients with resected esophageal cancer who had received neoadjuvant CRT, DFS was significantly longer among those who received nivolumab adjuvant therapy than among those who received placebo. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), attempts to deliver both systemic chemotherapy and neoadjuvant CRT prior to surgery, which may become a new treatment direction for patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer. Ongoing progress in all treatment modalities involved in TNT holds the promise to enhance further the outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer. Immunotherapy, as a breakthrough therapy in the systemic treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, has become an indispensable component of the exploration of TNT model. Currently, several prospective exploratory studies suggest that immunotherapy combined with TNT can improve the pCR rate of esophageal cancer patients, achieving good short-term efficacy and tolerable safety. However, further exploration is needed for the combination of immunotherapy and TNT. This study first explores the efficacy and safety of two types of total neoadjuvant therapy in phase II: the combination of adebrelimab and chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy, or the combination of adebrelimab and chemotherapy after chemoradiotherapy. A more promising treatment plan will be selected for a phase III randomized controlled trial and confirm the superiority of adebrelimab combined with TNT over neoadjuvant CRT in terms of pathological complete response overall survival in patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
474
Neoadjuvant treatment: adebrelimab 1200 mg/m2 d1+ paclitaxel d1/nab-paclitaxel d1,8, + cisplatin d1, Q2W×2 followed by chemoradiotherapy (paclitaxel /nab-paclitaxel + cisplatin + 41.4Gy/23f), surgical resection 4-8 weeks later neoadjuvant treatment.
Neoadjuvant treatment: chemoradiotherapy (paclitaxel /nab-paclitaxel + cisplatin + 41.4Gy/23f), followed by adebrelimab 1200 mg/m2 d1+ paclitaxel d1/nab-paclitaxel d1,8, + cisplatin d1, Q2W×2 surgical resection 4-8 weeks later neoadjuvant treatment.
Neoadjuvant treatment: TNT treatment \[TNT group one (phase 2) or TNT group two (phase 2)\] followed by surgical resection 4-8 weeks later adjuvant treatment: adebrelimab 1200 mg/m2 d1, W3Q, adjuvant treatment for one year
Neoadjuvant treatment: chemoradiotherapy (paclitaxel 50 mg/m2/nab-paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 d1, 8, 15, 22,29 + cisplatin 25 mg/m2 d1, 8, 15, 22,29 + 41.4Gy/23f), followed by surgical resection 4-8 weeks later. adjuvant treatment: non-pCR: adebrelimab 1200 mg/m2 d1, W3Q, adjuvant treatment for one year pCR: observation
Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Beijing, China
pCR (phase 2 and phase 3)
The rate of patients with primary tumor and lymph nodes both achieved pathological complete response
Time frame: one month after esophageal cancer surgery
EFS (phase 3)
The time from randomization to the occurrence of events as defined by the study protocol.
Time frame: Approximately 5 years
R0 resection rate (phase 2 and phase 3)
The proportion of patients with negative surgical margins among those who underwent radical surgery for esophageal cancer.
Time frame: one month after esophageal cancer surgery
MPR (phase 2 and phase 3)
The percentage of subjects with less than 10% tumor residue in the primary tumor site.
Time frame: one month after esophageal cancer surgery
Tumor regression (phase 2 and phase 3)
The research center performed tumor regression grade (TRG) assessments using the Mandard 5-point classification system.
Time frame: one month after esophageal cancer surgery
ypTNM (phase 2 and phase 3)
According to AJCC 8th Edition criteria, the rate of patients who have reached ypI-IVA stages respectively.
Time frame: one month after esophageal cancer surgery
OS (phase 2 and phase 3)
The time from randomization to death due to any cause.
Time frame: Approximately 6 years
EFS (phase 2)
The time from randomization to the occurrence of events as defined by the study protocol.
Time frame: Approximately 5 years
DFS (phase 3)
For postoperative subjects free of esophageal cancer disease, the time from the first day without disease (i.e., the date of surgery) to either local recurrence or distant metastasis, or death from any cause, whichever occurs first.
Time frame: Approximately 5 years
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