The goal of this observational study is to establish the prospective cohort of the Beijing Longitudinal Disability Survey in Community Elderly (BLINDSCE) to explore the high-risk factors and preventive interventions for disability and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over. The main question it aims to answer is: * What are the high-risk factors able to predict the incidence and advance of disability and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over? * What are the categories of function and cognitive performance trajectory in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over?
BLINDSCE is a community-based prospective cohort study that includes individuals aged 65 and over from urban and rural areas in Beijing. Participants will provide detailed demographic information and undergo multifactorial questionnaires, disability measurements, cognitive assessments, other disability-related outcomes, and clinical biochemical measures. The study has started recruitment and enrollment in 2023 and will follow-up once every 1-2 year. This work consists of three steps as follows. First, by collecting baseline and follow-up data of participants, we plan to establish a community-dwelling elderly database in Beijing. Second, high-risk factors can be pre-screening based on this cross-sectional analysis. Third, longitudinal data was used to develop the prediction model and trajectory analysis for disability and cognitive impairment.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
1,962
Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
Beijing, China
RECRUITINGDisability from the individual's perspective
Disability is assessed using the 12-item World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). The WHODAS 2.0 is a patient-reported disability measure, comprising six life domains involving cognition, mobility, self-care, interpersonal relationships, life activities, and participation. The total score of 12-item WHODAS 2.0 categorizes disability from no disability (score 0) to complete disability (score 48).
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Disability from the medical's perspective
Disability is assessed using the basic activities of daily living (BADL) scale, the Katz Index scale. The minimum value is 0 , and the maximum value is 6. The higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Disability from the medical's perspective
Disability is assessed using the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale, the Lawton and Brody IADL scale. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 8. The higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Cognitive impairment
The cognitive impairment is assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30. The higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Cognitive impairment
The cognitive impairment is assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic (MoCA-B). The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30. The higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Subjective cognitive decline
Subjective cognitive decline is assessed by the subjective cognitive decline questionnaire-9 items (SCD9). The minimum value of SCD9 is 0, and the maximum value is 9, the higher the score, the worse the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Intrinsic capacity
Intrinsic capacity is the composite of physical and mental abilities that an individual can draw upon. It comprises locomotor, sensory (hearing and vision), vitality, psychological, and cognition domains. The intrinsic capacity composite score is used to assess intrinsic capacity. The intrinsic capacity composite score ranges from 0 to 100, and the higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Intrinsic capacity
Intrinsic capacity is assessed by the integrated care for older people (ICOPE) scale. The minimum value of the ICOPE score is 0, and the maximum value is 5, the higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Frailty
Frailty is assessed using the Fried frailty phenotype (FFP) scale. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 5. The higher the score, the worse the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Hospitalization
Hospitalized times, duration, diagnosis, surgery, bedridden status, assisted ventilation treatment, catheter treatment are collected by questionnaire and supplemented through a review of electronic medical records.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Death
The date and cause of death are collected from the participant's family members/healthcare providers and supplemented through a review of electronic medical records.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass
Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is estimated using a physical measurement formula. Weight in kilograms, height in centimeters, gender(male or female), and age in years are combined to report ASM through the formula: ASM = 0.193\*weight(kg) + 0.107\*height(cm) - 4.157 \* gender - 0.037\*age(year) - 2.631. The higher the value, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Muscle strength
Muscle strength is assessed by the grip strength. The higher the value, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Physical performance
Physical performance is assessed by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test. The minimum score is 0, and the maximum score is 12. The higher the score, the better the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is screened by the SARC-F scale. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 10. The higher the score, the worse the outcome.
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is assessed based on the criteria recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus, including muscle strength, plus appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and/or physical performance. AWGS 2019 contends that diagnosing sarcopenia requires both low muscle strength and muscle mass, and defines persons with low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance as having "severe sarcopenia."
Time frame: An average of 1 to 2 years
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