The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effectiveness of CoPs therapy with or without the therapeutic component of biofeedback in treating tics in Tourette Syndrome with emerging young adults. Hypotheses: 1. The CoPs+Biofeedback treatment will improve the severity of tics (YGTSS) and the Clinical Global Impression, surpassing the clinical significance threshold of CoPs treatment alone. 2. We expect that the identified variables (psychosocial, neurocognitive, biological) will predict the improvement of tics. Researchers will compare if the biofeedback treatment will improve the severity of tics. * In the pre-test, participants will undergo two interviews, each lasting 3 hours. These interviews will assess (through a battery of tests) the severity of tics as well as the psychosocial, biological, and neurocognitive aspects of functioning. A general assessment of intelligence and executive functions will also be conducted. * They will next attend 10 to 12 therapy sessions, with or without biofeedback. (The biofeedback component is explained in more detail in the ''Study Design'' section). * The post-test follow-ups consist of two evaluations: one 3 months after the end of the treatment and the other 6 months after. The evaluation will be done using the same battery of tests as during the pre-test interview.
\* The project explanations are in English for everyone's ease of understanding, but our study is conducted in French. \*
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
150
Focus on the processes influencing thoughts and behaviors underlying tics.
Biofeedback refers to visual exercises that help improve movement control.
Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Hôpital Rivières-des-Prairies
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
RECRUITINGPrimary outcome
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) provides an assessment of motor and vocal tics based on 5 dimensions: number, frequency, intensity, complexity, and interference. A subtotal of 50 is used to determine the severity of the tics. A separate scale assesses impairment, or the overall effect of tic disorders on daily functioning, with another subtotal of 50. In this study, only the tic severity score out of 50 will be used (comparable to other studies focusing on tics).
Time frame: The YGTSS is administered trough the study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months))
Conners
Psychosocial measures For ADHD symptoms, the Conners 3 (8-18 years) or Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS)
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
CY-BOCS
For OCD symptoms, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS)
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
STAI
For anxiety symptoms, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
Perfectionism Scale
The adapted/inadapted Perfectionism Scale
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
Beck Depression Invetory
For mood-related symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory will be used.
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
STOP
The Style of Planning Action (STOP)
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
Self-Esteem Inventory
The short version of the Self-Esteem Inventory.
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
TS-Quality of Life Scale
TS-Quality of Life Scale will also be used.
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
Perdue Pegboard Test
The evaluation of fine motor dexterity using the Purdue Pegboard will determine the baseline equivalence between groups and test functional differences after treatment. The Finger-Tapping Test will be administered to assess speed and motor control.
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14)
We will collect a hair sample to measure the cortisol levels of the participants: a 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) will be administered at the 4 time points of measurement.
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
Finger-Tapping Test
The Finger-Tapping Test will be administered to assess speed and motor control.
Time frame: Administered trough study completion, an average of 1 year (T1 pre, T2 post, T3 follow up (3 months), T4 follow up (6 months)).
DKEFS CWIT
Participants will be assessed with the 4 sections of the DKEFS CWIT: color naming, word reading, inhibition.
Time frame: Only in T1 (pre-test) , up to 4 weeks ( first interview).
Brief Cannabis Consumption Questionnaire
To attest the consumption of cannabis.
Time frame: Only in T1 (pre-test) , up to 4 weeks ( first interview).
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