mHealth Person-centred Self-care Support for Homebound Older Adults: A Hybrid Effectiveness-implementation Study

Change in quality of life assessed using the Chinese version of the 12-item Short Form Health Survey version 2

Unit of Measure: Mean score on quality of life.

Time frame: At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention.

Change in psychological distress assessed using the Chinese version of 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale

Unit of Measure: Mean score on psychological distress.

Time frame: At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention.

Change in perceived loneliness assessed using the Chinese version of the UCLA 3-item Loneliness Scale

Unit of Measure: Mean score on perceived loneliness.

Time frame: At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention.

Change in functional mobility assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test

Unit of Measure: Time in seconds.

Time frame: At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention.

Change in sedentary behaviour assessed using the Chinese version of the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire for Elderly

Unit of Measure: Mean hours per day.

Time frame: At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention.

Change in frequency of healthcare utilization assessed using the self-reported healthcare utilization survey

Unit of Measure: Number of visits.

Time frame: At baseline, 3 months post-intervention , and 6 months post-intervention.

Participant reach and recruitment success measured by recruitment records

Unit of Measure: Percentage of eligible enrollment.

Time frame: At baseline.

Participant satisfaction with the intervention assessed using the Chinese version of four-dimension Client Satisfaction Questionnaire

Unit of Measure: Mean score on satisfaction.

Time frame: At 3 months post-intervention and 6 months post-intervention.

Service provider acceptability and adoption of person-centred care approach measured by focus group interview

Unit of Measure: Thematic analysis of interview records.

Time frame: At 3 months post-intervention.

Implementation fidelity and adherence to person-centred care principles measured by session recordings and fidelity checklist

Unit of Measure: 1). Number and reasons for missed sessions; 2). Percentage of sessions meeting fidelity criteria.

Time frame: Ongoing monitoring during intervention.

Long-term maintenance and retention of participants measured by cost-effectiveness analysis and retention and dropout records

Unit of Measure: 1). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per additional quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained; 2). Number and reasons of dropout.

Time frame: At 6 months post-intervention.

Barriers and Facilitators to the intervention measured by focus group interview

Unit of Measure: Thematic analysis of interview records.

Time frame: At 3 months post-intervention.