Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion for Treating ACLF

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 70 years (inclusive) at the time of signing the informed consent form, regardless of gender. 2. Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) meeting the following criteria: Total bilirubin (TBil) ≥12 mg/dL (equivalent to 205 μmol/L); International normalized ratio (INR) ≥1.5 or prothrombin activity (PTA) ≤40%; 3. All participants and their partners agree to use effective non-pharmacological contraception during the trial and for 6 months after trial completion, with no plans for conception during this period. 4. Voluntarily participate in the clinical study and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of allergy to any component of the investigational drug or bovine-derived products. 2. Acute, subacute, or chronic liver failure unrelated to HBV, or ACLF caused by: Concurrent hepatitis A, C, or E virus infection; Autoimmune liver disease; Biliary obstruction. 3. Presence of any of the following complications: \<1\> Active gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g., hematemesis and/or melena) or high- risk esophageal/gastric varices (confirmed by endoscopy or imaging within 3 months prior to screening). \<2\> Imaging evidence (ultrasound or CT) of cavernous transformation of the portal vein or portal vein occlusion. \<3\> History of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). \<4\> Grade 3 or 4 hepatic encephalopathy. \<5\> Serum creatinine ≥2 mg/dL. \<6\> Respiratory insufficiency (e.g., dyspnea, cyanosis) with peripheral oxygen saturation ≤93% at rest. 4. Severe underlying diseases, including: \<1\>Septic shock (requiring vasopressors to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥65 mmHg despite adequate fluid resuscitation, with blood lactate \>2 mmol/L). \<2\> Uncontrolled cardiac conditions: Myocardial ischemia or infarction (CTCAE v5.0 Grade ≥II), Arrhythmias requiring intervention, NYHA Class III-IV heart failure. \<3\> Active malignancy (solid or hematologic). \<4\> Diagnosed pulmonary hypertension or suspected pulmonary embolism. \<5\> IgA deficiency, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, hemophilia, or idiopathic thrombocytopenia. \<6\> Immunodeficiency disorders (e.g., HIV infection, congenital/acquired immune deficiency). 5. Current systemic corticosteroid therapy for other diseases. 6. Psychiatric or other conditions deemed by the investigator to interfere with study assessments. 7. Planned or active registration for liver transplantation, or anticipated transplantation within 3 months. 8. History of liver transplantation. 9. Alcohol or substance abuse: Chronic alcohol use (\>5 years with ethanol intake ≥40 g/day for males or ≥20 g/day for females), Heavy alcohol use (\>80 g/day ethanol) within 2 weeks prior to screening, Abstinence \<6 months. 10. Participation in another clinical trial within 3 months prior to screening (excluding screen failures or withdrawal before dosing). 11. Pregnancy, lactation, or positive pregnancy test at screening. 12. Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, may confound study results, pose risks, or compromise the participant's best interests.