It has been shown that there is a complex association between neck pain, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, and migraines, and that these conditions can be influenced by factors such as depression, physical inactivity, and health-related quality of life. Likewise, it is observed that all the factors within this complex structure can actually act as triggers, initiators, or intensifiers of each other. In recent years, with a more detailed examination of their physiological connections, a reciprocal triangular relationship has been demonstrated between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunctions, headaches-especially migraines-and neck pain. A detailed correlation of risk factors affecting neck pain-primarily temporomandibular joint involvement and headaches-in patients with neck pain will help identify underlying secondary effects and facilitate the inclusion of patient-centered, specific exercises in rehabilitation programs for these patients. Studies in the literature indicate that the relationship between neck pain, temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, and migraines has not been evaluated collectively, and the impact of factors such as depression, physical inactivity, and health-related quality of life on these conditions has not been thoroughly assessed. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, migraines, and other associated factors in individuals with non-specific neck pain.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
116
Yalova university
Yalova, Turkey (Türkiye)
Neck Disability Index
Neck Disability Index was first defined in 1991. It assesses disability associated with neck pain. The index consists of a total of 10 sections, evaluating pain and limitations in activities such as pain, personal care, and lifting, with scores ranging from 0 to 5 for each section. The total score ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 50. Based on the total score, the classifications are as follows: 0-4: No disability 5-14: Mild disability 15-24: Moderate disability 25-34: Severe disability 35 and above: Complete disability A validity and reliability study for the Turkish version is available.
Time frame: Baseline
Migraine Disability Assessment
The Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) is one of the most commonly used scales for measuring headache-related disability. It assesses migraine-related functional impairment in all activities over the past three months. The questionnaire consists of five questions: Questions 1, 3, and 5 evaluate the number of days lost due to headaches in the past three months in work or school, household chores, and leisure activities. Questions 2 and 4 assess the number of days with reduced productivity at work and in household activities due to headaches. The total score is obtained by summing the responses (number of days) for all five questions. The classification based on the total score is as follows: 0-5 points: Grade I (No or minimal disability) 6-10 points: Grade II (Mild disability) 11-20 points: Grade III (Moderate disability) 21 and above: Grade IV (Severe disability) The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted.
Time frame: Baseline
Helkimo Clinical Dysfunction Index
The ındex was developed in 1974 and evaluates the overall functionality of the craniomandibular region along with TMJ function. It assesses five clinical findings, including: 1\. Mandibular range of motion 2. TMJ function 3. Pain during mandibular movements 4. TMJ pain on palpation 5. Muscle tenderness Each component is scored between 0 and 5. 1. Assesses limitations in jaw movement, including maximum mouth opening, right and left lateral movements, and forward movement. 2. component: Evaluates TMJ function by detecting deviations, sounds, and/or joint locking or blockages. 3. component: Assesses the presence of pain during specific movements. 4. component: Evaluates muscle pain in the chewing muscles. 5. component: Assesses discomfort or pain in pre-articular TMJ region through palpation. The total score is categorized as follows: 0 points: No signs or symptoms 1-4 points: Mild dysfunction 5-9 points: Moderate dysfunction 10-25 points: Severe dysfunction
Time frame: Baseline
Short Form - 36
The questionnaire, developed to assess general health status and health-related quality of life, consists of 36 questions and evaluates eight subscales: Physical function Physical role Emotional role Energy (vitality) Mental health Social function Pain General health The obtained data are scored between 0 and 100 for each subscale, with higher scores indicating better health status and improved quality of life. The Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted.
Time frame: Baseline
Beck Depression Inventory
Beck Depression Inventory, developed in 1961, is a 21-item scale assessing depressive symptoms such as pessimism, feelings of failure, lack of satisfaction, guilt, restlessness, fatigue, decreased appetite, indecisiveness, sleep disturbances, and social withdrawal. The validity and reliability study for the Turkish version was conducted in 1988. Each item is scored using a four-point Likert scale (0-3), reflecting self-reported experiences of depression-related behaviors. The total score ranges from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater depression severity. Score interpretation: * Below 10: No or minimal depression * 10-18: Mild to moderate depression * 19-29: Moderate to severe depression * 30-63: Severe depression
Time frame: Baseline
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
The questionnaire consists of seven questions. * The first two questions assess vigorous activities * The third and fourth questions assess moderate-intensity activities * The fifth and sixth questions assess walking * The seventh question assesses time spent sitting in the past seven days Based on participants' responses, metabolic equivalent (MET) values are calculated and multiplied by the duration (in minutes and days) to determine the weekly MET-minute score. The MET values for different activity levels are: * Light activities: 3.3 MET * Moderate-intensity activities: 4.0 MET * Vigorous activities: 8.0 MET Physical activity levels are classified as follows based on total MET-minutes per week: * Inactive: less than 600 MET-min per week * Low physical activity level: between 600 and 3000 MET-min per week * Adequate physical activity level (health-beneficial): more than 3000 MET-min per week.
Time frame: Baseline
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