This study aims to compare the efficacy of the Mahayana Buddhist Awareness Training Program (ATP) with a Qigong group in treating people with insomnia in Hong Kong. It also aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms, including changes in brain activity and heart rate variability during wakefulness, through which these two Eastern mind body interventions improve sleep quality. It is expected that ATP will be as efficacious as Qigong in enhancing sleep quality. Compared to the Qigong intervention, the more mind-based ATP will lead to more improvement in mental health and greater reductions in hyperarousal brain activity. Compared to ATP, the more body-based Qigong will lead to greater improvement in physical health and heart rate variability.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
86
Culturally relevant psychosocial intervention for people with insomnia
Division of Social Sciences, Humanities and Design
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Changes over the measurement points in the 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
It measures sleep quality and disturbances experienced within a 1-month time frame. Scores range from 0 to 21, where a higher score represents poorer sleep quality.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the brain activity during wakefulness
Spectral power analysis for participants' theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-50 Hz) bands during a 10-minute resting state wakefulness will be measured by the UMindSleep device (http://www.eegsmart.com/en/UMindSleep.html).
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the heart rate variability
This will be measured by the same wearable UMindSleep device.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index
It measures the nature, severity and impact of insomnia. Scores range from 0 to 28, where a higher score represents greater insomnia severity.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 16-item Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale
It measures the symptoms of cognitive and somatic arousal experienced at bedtime. Scores range from 18 to 80, where a higher score represents greater pre-sleep arousal.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 5-item item Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale
It measures participants' perceived compassion towards others. Scores ranges from 5 to 35, where a higher score represents greater compassion towards others.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the PROMIS® 2-item Global Physical Health-2 Scale
It measures participants' perceived physical health. The raw total score will be converted to a T-score. T scores range from 23.4 to 63.3, where a higher score represents a higher perceived physical health.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the PROMIS® 2-item Global Mental Health-2 Scale
It measures participants' perceived mental health. The raw total score will be converted to a T-score. T Scores ranges from 25.8 to 64.6, where a higher score represents a higher perceived mental health.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 6-item Qi Stagnation Scale
It measures participants' self-reported pathological qi status characterized by the slow and idle flow of qi. Scores range from 6 to 30, where a higher score represents greater qi stagnation.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 6-item Qi Deficiency Scale
It measures participants' self-reported pathological qi status characterized by the lack of qi in one of the viscera or the whole body. Scores range from 6 to 30, where a higher score represents greater qi deficiency.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 Scale
It measures participants' anxiety level. Scores range from 0 to 6, where a higher score represents higher anxiety level.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
Changes over the measurement points in the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire-2 Scale
It measures participants' depression level. Scores range from 0 to 6, where a higher score represents higher depression level.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after the intervention, 7 weeks after the intervention
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