Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * The patients (aged 50-85 years) exhibited cognitive decline persisting for over six months; * Primarily characterized by recent memory impairment and accompanied by reduced daily living abilities; * MMSE scores ranging from 3 to 26; * MRI findings revealed atrophy in the medial temporal lobe, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, along with widened sulci and fissures. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients were excluded if they had severe visual, hearing, or language impairments; * Tumors; * hepatic/renal dysfunction. * with conditions mimicking AD symptoms-such as normal pressure hydrocephalus, vascular dementia (VD or VaD); * Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD)-were also excluded; * patients who had participated in clinical drug trials within the past 30 days or consumed folate and vitamin B12 at doses exceeding twice the recommended intake were ineligible.