Bioavailability of Micronutrients With a Special Focus on Vitamin K Dependent on Consumed Diet

Overview

Objectives The main objectives are: • Study part II: to investigate the effect of a plant-based diet on micronutrient status compared to an average Danish diet Hypotheses Study part II: it is hypothesised that the status of some micronutrients is lower after intake of a plant-based diet compared to an average Danish diet. Participants will: Study part II: consume either a vegan diet or an average danish diet with a high meat intake for 4 weeks. The total study period for the participants is estimated to 6 weeks (from screening to paticipants last visit)

Overall study design Study part II (n= 16 completers): A 4-week randomised parallel intervention trial comparing status of some micronutrients (with main focus on MK-9 and ferritin) after consumption of a plant-based diet compared to an average Danish diet In study part II, participants will be randomised to either plant-based or an average Danish (meat-based) diet for 4-weeks. The participants will visit NEXS for two test days, before and after the 4-week intervention period where fasting blood will be drawn. Prior to the two test days the participants will complete a 3-day weighed dietary registration (WDR) and collect faecal and urine samples. The minimum duration for each participant will be 33days. It is required that the participants' vitamin D status is stable. Therefore, a run-in period of up to 6-week with daily supplementation of vitamin D will be required before the first test day. Detailed study design of part II Prerequisites Six weeks before the first test day it is required that participants have been supplemented with 10 µg vitamin D3/day (recommended daily intake) and restrain from all other types of (vitamins and mineral) supplementation. The vitamin D supplements will be provided free of charge. On day -5 (or at screening) the participants will show up at NEXS where they will receive containers and cooler bags for urine and faecal sampling. The participants will further get written and oral instructions for the WDR. Prior to Day 0, the participants will perform a 3-day WDR, collect a spot faecal sample and a 24-hour urine sample. Prior to the test day, alcohol is prohibited 48 hours before, high-intensity physical activity is prohibited 24 hours before and the participants will fast for a minimum of 12 hours before. The participants are allowed to drink ½ L of tap water during the fasting period. Test days On Day 0, the participants will show up fasting at NEXS and one fasting blood sample will be collected (baseline blood sample). The participants will have a session with a dietician, or other delegated personnel, where they will be introduced to their assigned diets (both including daily supplementation with 10 µg vitamin D3) and asked to start the 4-week intervention. On Day 28 (±3 days), the participants will have their second test day at NEXS where one blood sample will be drawn. Prior to the second test days (Day28), they repeat the 3-day WDR, sampling of faeces and urine, and prerequisites related to alcohol intake, physical activity and fasting is required as described above. Intervention period During the 4 weeks, the participants will show up at NEXS 1-2 days per week to receive new products and if needed they can ask for recipes, guidelines and feedback/advice from a trained dietician. Once a week they will be asked to collect a spot urine sample in the morning on the day they visit NEXS. During the third week, participants will in addition to the above mentioned also have instructions for the WDR and collections of urine and faeces repeated, and material delivered.