Personalizing Adoptive Cell Transfer for Solid Tumors: Towards a New Patient-tailored Treatment Option

Inclusion Criteria: * Participant is willing and able to provide informed consent for participation in the study. * Age: Adults aged 18 years or older. * Diagnosis: non-small cell lung cancer (Stage I-II, III), with or without lymph node involvement, ideally with sufficient tumor burden to provide adequate tissue for analysis. In accordance with good clinical practice, patients with early-stage disease will undergo direct surgery, whereas patients with advanced-stage disease will receive neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery. * Ability to attend scheduled follow-up visits, if applicable, for additional peripheral blood sample collection during treatment. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of any active infection or underlying condition that could compromise the safety of tissue and blood sampling. * Prior history of another malignancy that might interfere with data interpretation related to non-small cell lung cancer progression and immune response. * Any current use of immunosuppressive medications (e.g., high-dose steroids) which might alter immune response assessments, except as part of non-small cell lung cancer treatment. * Pregnancy and breastfeeding