In this study, the effects of a mindfulness-based emotion-focused psychoeducation program applied to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia on emotion regulation difficulties, depressive symptoms, and hope levels will be examined. The research will be carried out as a randomized controlled experimental study with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design.
Schizophrenia is a chronic illness that begins at a young age and leads to impairments in thought, perception, and affect. Patients experience a loss of functionality in occupational, social, and personal areas and face emotional challenges such as depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Difficulties in emotion regulation are common among individuals with schizophrenia, making disease management more challenging. Emotion regulation refers to the process of recognizing, accepting, and managing emotions using appropriate strategies. Literature indicates that difficulties in emotion regulation among individuals with schizophrenia are associated with depression and an increased risk of suicide. Mindfulness-based interventions have been found effective in enhancing emotion regulation skills and reducing depressive symptoms, rumination, and hallucinations. This study aims to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation program for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia on emotion regulation difficulties, depressive symptoms, and levels of hope. The findings are expected to contribute to nurse-led interventions that support the mental health and rehabilitation process of patients.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
48
The mindfulness based psychoeducation program focusing on emotions that aims to reduce the difficulties in regulating emotions and depressive symptoms in schizophrenia patients and to increase the level of hope.
Gazi University
Ankara, Province, Turkey (Türkiye)
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16)
The scale is a 16-item self-report measure, developed by Bjureberg et al. (2016). DERS-16 is used to evaluate various aspects of emotion regulation difficulties. It comprises five subscales, namely Clarity (e.g., "I have difficulty making sense of my feelings"), Goals (e.g., "When I'm upset, I have difficulty getting work done"), Impulse (e.g., "When I'm upset, I feel out of control"), Strategies (e.g., "When I'm upset, I start to feel very bad about myself"), and Non-acceptance (e.g., "When I'm upset, I feel like I am weak"). The items in DERS-16 are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). Higher scores indicate greater emotion dysregulation. There are no reverse-coded items in the scale.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the mean emotion regulation difficulties scores at the 1st-month follow-up and the 3rd-month follow-up. (baseline, 1st month follow-up, 3rd month follow-up)
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
It was developed by Beck and his colleagues to control the presence and severity of depression. The scale consists of 21 items. The items consist of four items that define a specific behavioral pattern and are scored from zero to three. The score that can be obtained from the scale varies between 0-63. The aim of the scale is to express the symptoms of depression in numbers rather than to diagnose any depression in the participants. It was determined that the presence and severity of depression is higher as the total score increases. Minimal depression will be determined between 0-9 points, Mild depression 10-16 points, Moderate depression 17-29 points and Severe depression 30-63 points. It measures the physical, emotional and cognitive symptoms seen in depression. The higher the total score, the more severe the depression.
Time frame: Change from baseline in the mean depression scores at the 1st-month follow-up and the 3rd-month follow-up. (baseline, 1st month follow-up, 3rd month follow-up)
Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS)
It is a scale developed by Choe (2014) to determine the hope levels of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The scale, which consists of a total of 9 questions, is a three-point Likert type (0=disagree, 1=agree 2=strongly agree). The total score obtained from the scale is between 0 and 18. The scale does not have a cut-off point, and high scores obtained from the scale are interpreted as individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia having high levels of hope.
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Time frame: Change from baseline in the mean hope score at the 1st-month follow-up and the 3rd-month follow-up. (baseline, 1st month follow-up, 3rd month follow-up)