This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MBCT-L among Chinese teachers on their mental well-being and teaching outcomes and explore the mechanisms of how mindfulness practice brings these benefits. The study is a multi-site, mixed-methods randomized controlled trial including 160 teachers.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
160
Behavioral: Mindfulness for Life (MBCT-L) MBCT-L is an 8-week program consisting of mindfulness practices and cognitive-behavioral techniques with 8 sessions (2 hours and 15 minutes per session) and one-day retreat that can provide participants with an extended period to deepen their personal mindfulness practices.
Positive Education program is an 8-week course consisting of theories and activities of positive psychology to enhance teachers' skills to support students' learning and wellbeing using a strength-based approach.
Teaching efficacy
The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale-Short Form (TSES-SF). Participants will rate their responses on a 9-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (nothing) to 9 (a great deal). A higher total score indicates a higher sense of teaching efficacy of teachers.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention
Teaching practices
The Classroom Strategies Scale-Teacher Form (CSS-T). Participants will rate their frequency of using a specific strategy in two domains on a 7-point Likert scale from 1 (never used) to 7 (always used). Higher scores indicate teachers use specific strategies more frequently.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention
Classroom climate
Three subscales of Delaware School Climate Scale-Teacher/Staff (DSCS-T/S): Student-Student Relations, Student Engagement, and Clarity of Expectations. It uses a 4-point Likert scale from 1 (disagree a lot) to 4 (agree a lot). A higher total score indicates a better classroom climate.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention
Stress
The Perceived Stress Scale. Participates rate their stress on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). A higher total score indicates higher stress levels.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention
Anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). The items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) over the past two weeks. A higher total score indicates a higher level of anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention
Depression
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The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) over the past two weeks. A higher total score indicates higher depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention
Burnout
Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educators Survey (MBI-ES). Participants report scores on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (every day). A higher total score indicates a higher level of burnout.
Time frame: Baseline, 9 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention