Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions

Overview

The EASE program is an existing, evidence-based program/intervention (originally developed by the WHO), and this study is limited to evaluating the local implementation of this program. The aims of this pilot study are to: * Assess the acceptability and feasibility of training and supervision of EASE Helpers (community staff members) through an adapted EASE training. * Evaluate possible problems of recruitment, intervention delivery, and participant retention. * Assess the feasibility of EASE being delivered via a partnership between researchers and community members. * Evaluate implementation of EASE via the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework A mixed-methods design with qualitative and quantitative approaches will be used to assess these objectives.

Despite the growing need for adolescent mental health services in the US, access to treatment has remained especially inequitable for ethnic minorities. Studies have identified socio-ecological barriers, such as stigma, caregiver attitudes, and income, that contribute to a number of disparities between ethnically minoritized adolescents and their white counterparts. Although there is support for evidence-based psychotherapies in improving youth mental health outcomes generally, the mental health burden and structural inequities faced by ethnically minoritized adolescents call for novel approaches that may address some of the challenges and bridge the services and treatment gap. One approach that is becoming increasingly studied globally is task-sharing mental health interventions. Task-sharing often refers to brief and non-specialist-delivered versions of evidence-based psychological treatments for people with mildly to moderately severe mental health symptoms, especially in under resourced settings and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have indicated that scalable mental health interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of distress and post-traumatic symptomatology across different populations and contexts at follow-up assessments. Although there is now considerable work evaluating the potential benefits of task-sharing interventions globally, this approach is somewhat newer in the US. However, burgeoning work in the US is beginning to show the feasibility of such intervention with adults. The New School Center for Global Mental Health has also conducted adaptations, training, and program evaluations for task-sharing interventions like the World Health Organization's (WHO) Problem Management Plus (PM+) for adult community members in NYC since 2020. Initial evaluations have indicated the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of PM+ in the NYC context. Given the evidence-based support for task-sharing interventions for adults and the treatment and services gap for ethnically minoritized adolescents in NYC, the investigators would like to evaluate how well a WHO task-sharing intervention for adolescents - Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) - works in community-based organizations in NYC. EASE targets psychological distress in adolescents ages 10 to 15 years old through seven group sessions with adolescents and three group sessions with the adolescents' caregivers. Each session is 90 minutes, and adolescents learn and engage in strategies that progress in complexity throughout the intervention. Through EASE, adolescents learn how to identify their emotions, distress-related physical arousal, slow breathing as a healthy coping strategy, behavioral activation to engage in meaningful activities, and problem-solving skills. RCTs have indicated the scalability and efficacy of EASE in LMICs like Lebanon and Syria. To prepare for pilot implementation, researchers from The New School Center for Global Mental Health collected feedback from community partners on EASE in 2024. Based on community recommendations, adaptations to EASE's manual activities/strategies and storybook were made to improve EASE's acceptability, relevance, and accessibility. The proposed study aims to implement this culturally-adapted version of EASE to urban youth and caregivers in NYC in collaboration with CBOs identified by the NYC Mayor's Office of Community Mental Health (OCMH). Youth/adolescents in this study are defined as children ages 10 to 15 years old. Caregivers in this study are defined as the adults who regularly take care of adolescent(s) 10 to 15 years olds, typically in their home settings. All caregivers that are asked to provide consent for a child's participation in the study will also be the child's legally authorized representative (i.e., parent or legal guardian). The person providing permission for the child to participate in the study must confirm that they are the adolescent's parent or legal guardian. Decisions can be made for adolescents and children by their caregivers if the caregivers are also the adolescents' legally authorized representative. In doing so, the investigators hope to examine the effectiveness, feasibility, acceptability, and utility for implementing EASE in the US and collect additional feedback to improve the adaptation to better bridge the mental health services and treatment gap for urban youth.