RGD With Minimally Invasive Non-Surgical Technique in Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defect

Overview

Periodontal regeneration is a complex process that involves coordinated activities and interactions of many cell types, extracellular matrix, cytokines, and specific growth factors to restore tissue integrity. The most important challenge facing periodontal regeneration is cellular insufficiency. Periodontal defects usually have a limited regenerative capacity due to their bounded surface area which is supposed to provide the wound area with a limited number of viable cells and a limited amount of biologic mediators. Cell recruitment and adhesion into the defect area are essential for cells to survive and secrete collagen. Apoptosis is initiated when failure in adhesion in many different cell types occurs. Some periodontal treatment options failed in the reconstruction of the defect due to failure in wound stabilization and subsequent cell adhesion. Many treatment options have been developed to enhance defect stability and cellular recruitment including the use of GTM and different biologics. However, the treatment outcomes vary considerably depending on the level of the defect cellularity and the degree of cell recruitment into the defect area. For maximum outcomes, enhanced stability, vascularity, and biologics-sustained delivery were suggested. The minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) suggested by Cortellini et al. offers a suitable level of tissue preservation that could help in defect stability and cellular adhesion. It was suggested to promote flap stability, maintain space, and maintain a greater amount of blood supply at the alveolar crest and papillary levels.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory multifactorial disease initiated by pathogenic bacteria accumulated as a biofilm on the tooth surface leading to clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket formation (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and bone loss which if neglected may lead to increased tooth mobility and final tooth loss. Pathological tooth mobility may arise from extensive alveolar bone loss, traumatic occlusion, acute periodontal inflammation, and apical tooth displacement. Treating tooth mobility can be a challenging process, particularly for patients with severe periodontitis, including those in stage III or IV, who often experience a range of these symptoms. ue to compromised periodontal support. Therefore, effective treatment not only relies on periodontal therapy but also on occlusal stability and tooth splinting