The goal of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study is to assess whether the food supplement Endocalyx lowers blood pressure in patients with treatment resistant hypertension.
During this intervention study, subjects will receive either a placebo or Endocalyx for 12 weeks. The main objective of this study is to assess whether the food supplement Endocalyx lowers blood pressure in patients with treatment resistant hypertension. Secondary objectives are: * Change from baseline in office blood pressure and 24-hour blood pressure profiles in subjects with treatment resistant hypertension. * To assess whether sodium intake, sex or kidney function modulates the effect of Endocalyx on blood pressure. * Change from baseline in total vessel density, perfused vessel density, proportion of perfused vessels and microvascular health score * To assess the effect of Endocalyx on total peripheral resistance. * The effect of Endocalyx on quality of life. * To estimate the potential impact of Endocalyx on long-term cardiovascular protection and health care costs.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
64
4 capsules once daily OR 2 capsules twice daily
4 capsules once daily OR 2 capsules twice daily
Amsterdam UMC
Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands
RECRUITINGChange from baseline in 24-hour systolic blood pressure
We will perform an uncorrected analysis and an analysis that is corrected for the reported and measured changes in antihypertensive medication use.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in 24-hour diastolic blood pressure
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in seated systolic office blood pressure
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in seated diastolic office blood pressure
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in percentage of patients with a night-time blood pressure dip
The nighttime blood pressure dipping status will be measured with a 24-hour blood pressure measurements. Patients will be classified as a 'dippers' when the nighttime systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure falls \>10% and \<20% compared to daytime readings. Exteme dippers are described as those with blood pressure fall of at least 20%. Patients with blood pressure fall between 0 and 10% are classified as non-dippers.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Percentage of patients achieving a seated office blood pressure <140/90 mmHg after intervention
Participants achieved a response if the systolic blood pressure is below 140 mmHg and the diastolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg
Time frame: 12 weeks
Percentage of patients that needed additional antihypertensive drugs and/or higher dosage of antihypertensive drugs during the study
Time frame: 12 weeks
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Percentage of patients that required lowering of their antihypertensive drugs during the study
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in total vessel density and perfused vessel density
The total vessel density and perfused vessel density will be measured using Sidestream Dark Field imaging.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in proportion of perfused vessels
The proportion of perfussed vessels will be measured using Sidestream Dark Field imaging.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in microvascular flow index
The microvascular flow index will be measured using Sidestream Dark Field imaging.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in microvascular health score
The microvascular health score will be measured using Sidestream Dark Field imaging.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in heart rate
The heart rate will be measured using the Nexfin device
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in total peripheral resistance
The total pheripheral resistance will be measured using the Nexfin device
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in cardiac output
The cardiac output will be measured using the Nexfin device
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in quality of life
Quality of life will be evaluated by the SF-36 questionnaire.
Time frame: 12 weeks
The potential impact of Endocalyx on long-term cardiovascular protection and health care costs.
The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire will be used to score a patient health status and will be transposed in quality adjusted life years (QALY's).
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in skin sodium content
Skin sodium content will measured using a 7T sodium MRI
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in muscle sodium content
Muscle sodium content will measured using a 7T sodium MRI
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in skin water content
Skin water content will measured using a 7T H-MRI
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in muscle water content
Muscle water content will measured using a 7T H-MRI
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in transepidermal water loss
Transepidermal water loss will be measured with the Tewameter® TM Hex probe
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in skin hydration
The skin hydration will be measured using the Corneometer® CM 825 probe
Time frame: 12 weeks
Change from baseline in total body water
The change in total body water (liter) will be measured using the bioelectrical impendance analysis
Time frame: 12 weeks
Incidence of adverse events in the Endocalyx group compared to the placebo group
Time frame: 12 weeks