PRISMA, is a pregnancy registry study, focused on comprehensively collecting information about pregnancy in women with chronic neurological conditions from across the United States and internationally. Depending on their specific condition (MS, CIS, NMOSD, or other) and their specific treatment, participants will be asked to contribute to different aspects of the study. (1) The biosamples will be blood, breast milk, infant stool, maternal stool and vaginal swab samples, collected at specific time points. (2) The online surveys will be collected at specific time points. All study activities will be discussed with participants upon enrollment. By collecting this information, the investigators hope to gain deeper insights into the relationship between pregnancy, the neurological condition, and maternal and infant health. For example, one of the sub-studies focuses on breast milk collection for women planning postpartum treatment with Ocrevus, Rituxan, Briumvi or Kesimpta. This study is fully remote and all sample collection is optional, so participants can choose which types of samples they wish to provide. For blood draws, participants can schedule a home visit through ExamOne, making participation even more convenient. The investigators aim to enroll women with chronic neurological conditions who are planning pregnancy, currently pregnant, or within one year postpartum.
The aim of this project is to develop a repository of samples for women who are pregnant and have chronic conditions, including demyelinating diseases -- either multiple sclerosis (MS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders), chronic inflammation --- inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus, myasthenia gravis (MG), primary headache disorders, or other chronic neurological conditions. Please note that the investigators refer to "MS" in the rest of the application. This repository will include: 1. Maternal Outcomes (disease-related outcomes, depression, social support, breastfeeding and pregnancy-related outcomes): * Obtained via interviews, surveys, and medical record review during pregnancy planning, pregnancy (Baseline and 36w gestation) and postpartum (1, 4, 8, 12M) * Maternal radiographic information will be collected from data available in the medical records. \[Radiographic information will be information captured from the medical record, not obtained during the study visits. No radiology exams will be conducted as part of this research study. If deemed necessary for the subject's routine clinical care, the investigators will record the results of an MRI within 12M postpartum.\] 2. Infant Outcomes (growth, development, immunization, infection, breastfeeding, etc.) * Obtained via medical record review (up to 12M) * Monitored via maternal completion of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-Version 3 (ASQ3) to track infant development outcomes (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and person-social) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12M of age. 3. Biospecimen Collection, Storage \& Later Batch Analysis: * Maternal blood samples will be collected for up to the following time points: Baseline (including if planning pregnancy), 3M gestation, 6M gestation, 8M gestation, 1M postpartum, 3M postpartum, and 6M postpartum. Samples will be processed and stored as serum, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). * Serial breastmilk samples will be collected, for both before and after treatment if applicable, and up to 2-3 years postpartum. These samples will be used to determine the concentrations of medications in breastmilk relative to maternal serum. * Serial maternal and infant gut microbiome samples will be collected before and after treatment (anytime during the lactation period which can extend up to 2-3 years postpartum) to determine the effect of mAb treatment on gut microbial populations in mothers and infants. Mothers will be asked to complete food frequency questionnaires for themselves and their infants at the time of each sample collection. * Maternal vaginal swab sample will be collected in their 36 weeks of gestation (OR 8M pregnancy) to determine the effect of mAb treatment on vaginal microbial populations in mothers. Mothers will be asked to complete questionnaires regarding their diet and medication for themselves at the time of each sample collection. * Serial maternal blood samples will be collected (including before and post treatment) anytime up to 2-3 years postpartum. These samples will be used to determine concentrations of medications in breastmilk relative to serum and to determine the effect of maternal treatment on mother and infant gut microbiome. * Timing of sample collection for participants treated with mAb will depend on the treatment type, dosing and infusion schedule. Participants who are healthy controls or who are not receiving specific medications of interest will provide * A single breastmilk sample at 2M, 3M, and 4M * A maternal and infant gut microbiome sample at 2M, 3M, and 4M postpartum * Maternal vaginal swab sample at 36 weeks of gestation (OR 8M pregnancy). * Maternal blood samples will be collected at corresponding timepoints 2M, 3M and 4M postpartum (to be processed and stored as serum, plasma, and PBMCs)
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
250
University of California-San Francisco
San Francisco, California, United States
RECRUITINGMaternal Disease Activity During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
Changes in maternal disease activity will be assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) for individuals with multiple sclerosis (scored from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater disability). Data will be collected via medical record review and participant self-report questionnaires.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Disease Activity During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by MRI Findings
Changes in maternal disease activity will be assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including gadolinium-enhancing lesions, new or enlarging T2 lesions, and brain atrophy. Data will be collected via medical record review.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Disease Treatment Course During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) Use
The maternal disease treatment course will be evaluated through an assessment of Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) used pre-pregnancy to postpartum. This includes the specific type of DMT used in the pre-pregnancy period, any modifications or discontinuation of therapy during pregnancy, and the resumption or initiation of DMTs in the postpartum period. Data will be obtained through medical record review.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Disease Activity During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Clinical Relapse Rates
Changes in maternal disease activity will be assessed using the clinical relapse rate. Relapses will be identified based on medical record review and participant self-report questionnaires administered at regular intervals. Additional information, such as the timing, severity, and treatment of relapses, will be collected when available.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Infant Growth and Development Outcomes Assessed by Chart Review and ASQ-3
Infant growth data (weight, length, head circumference) will be extracted from routine clinical records from Well-Child Care Visits up to 12 months. Developmental milestones will be assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Version 3 (ASQ-3), administered at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months postpartum. ASQ-3 scores are age-specific and help assess infant communication, motor, problem-solving, and social-emotional development. Higher scores generally indicate better developmental progress.
Time frame: From birth through 12 months postpartum
Detection and Concentration of Monoclonal Antibodies in Breastmilk
Breastmilk samples will be collected following postpartum infusions of anti-B cell therapies (e.g., ocrelizumab, rituximab), natalizumab, or monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor. Samples will be collected across 6 timepoints around the first postpartum infusion (pre-infusion; 7 days, 20 days, 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days post-infusion). Samples will be analyzed to detect the presence and concentration of these therapies in breastmilk and predict the relative transfer of medication to infants through breastmilk. Information about breastfeeding behavior including whether participants are exclusively breastfeeding, mixed feeding, or using formula, will be self-reported through accompanying survey or collected through chart review.
Time frame: From first infusion postpartum through 12 months postpartum
Concentration of Monoclonal Antibodies and Disease-Related Biomarkers in Maternal Blood
Maternal blood samples will be collected at various time points: during the planning stage, at 8 months of pregnancy, and during the postpartum period (1, 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum), depending on the participant's ability and willingness to provide a sample. During the postpartum period, a set of blood samples will also be collected pre-infusion, and at 30 and 60 days post-infusion, either separately or in conjunction with other postpartum time points. These samples will be analyzed to determine serum drug levels for pharmacokinetic evaluation, as well as to assess other biomarkers of interest.
Time frame: From the planning pregnancy (if applicable) to 6 months postpartum
Maternal Fatigue During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS)
Fatigue will be assessed using the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), which evaluates the perceived impact of fatigue on cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning. Scores range from 0 to 84. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue impact. This will be administered at baseline, 8 months of pregnancy, and during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
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Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Sleep Quality During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS)
Sleep quality will be measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-SS), which evaluates multiple dimensions of sleep such as sleep disturbance, snoring, and sleep adequacy. Scores are standardized, with higher scores generally indicating worse sleep quality, depending on the subscale. The survey will be administered at baseline, 8 months of pregnancy, and during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Sleep Quality During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Epworth-Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
Daytime sleepiness will be assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a self-administered questionnaire that measures the general level of daytime sleepiness. The scale includes 8 items with scores ranging from 0 to 24, where higher scores indicate greater daytime sleepiness. The survey will be administered at baseline, 8 months of pregnancy, and during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Cognitive Function During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ)
The Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) will be used to assess cognitive function and neuropsychological symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (MS). This self-reported questionnaire includes multiple domains such as memory, attention, and executive function, to evaluate the cognitive impact of MS during pregnancy and postpartum. Higher scores indicate more cognitive difficulty. This will be administered at baseline, 8 months of pregnancy, and during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Social Support During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (19-Item Version)
The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (19-Item Version) will assess the level of social support participants feel they have during pregnancy and postpartum. The survey includes items related to emotional, informational, and tangible support. Responses are scored on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater perceived social support. This will be collected at baseline, 8 months of pregnancy, and during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Per-partum Depression Status During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Maternal mood and depression symptoms will be assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a 14-item scale with subscales for anxiety and depression, each scored from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater symptom severity. The questionnaire will be administered at baseline (pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy), 36 weeks/8 months gestation, and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Per-partum Depression Status During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
Maternal mood and depression symptoms will be assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a 10-item scale scored from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate more severe postpartum depression symptoms. The questionnaire will be administered at baseline (pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy), 36 weeks/8 months gestation, and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months postpartum.
Time frame: From pre-pregnancy (if applicable) through 12 months postpartum
Maternal Per-partum Depression Status During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)
Maternal mood and depression symptoms will be assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a structured diagnostic tool for mental health disorders. The interview includes specific questions and sections designed to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. The questionnaire will be administered through a phone call for a short duration of around 15 minutes at 12 months postpartum.
Time frame: 12 months postpartum
Maternal Per-partum Depression Status During Pregnancy and Postpartum Assessed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID)
Maternal mood and depression symptoms will be assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID), a semi-structured interview to make diagnoses according to the DSM-5 criteria. The questionnaire will be administered at 12 months postpartum by the study clinician.
Time frame: 12 months postpartum
Maternal Bonding with Infant Assessed by Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS)
Maternal emotional bonding with the infant will be assessed using the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), a self-administered questionnaire designed to screen for potential bonding disorders in the postpartum period. The MIBS consists of 8 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater difficulties in mother-infant bonding. The questionnaire will be administered during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
Time frame: From 1 month through 12 months postpartum
Infant Feeding Practices Assessed by Breastfeeding Questionnaire
Infant feeding practices will be assessed using a self-administered Breastfeeding Questionnaire, which captures detailed information on breastfeeding initiation, duration, frequency, exclusivity, and supplementation with formula or solid foods. The questionnaire also includes items addressing maternal perceptions, challenges, and reasons for changes in feeding practices. The questionnaire will be administered during the postpartum period at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months.
Time frame: From 1 month through 12 months postpartum