The Sulforaphane-Smart® formula is a pill, patented by the company INGREDALIA, prepared with broccoli by-products which have been concentrated and enriched in glucosinolates/isothiocyanates (GLS/ITCs). The goal of this intervention study is to evaluate if the chronic consumption of GSL/ITC (Sulforaphane Smart® formula) could modulate the biomarkers related to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and gut microbiota in overweight and obese volunteers. In order to reach this goal, the volunteers will take daily the Sulforaphane Smart® formula during 12 weeks (total of 84 days). Anthropometric measurements will be taken and biological samples of blood, urine and feces will be collected at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks of the intervention (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Sulforaphan-Smart® is formula patented by the company INGREDALA (patented by INGREDALIA: EP3123874B1). This clinical trial will provide information about the beneficial effects of the consumption of Sulforaphan Smart® on glucidic and lipid metabolism, inflammation, adiposity, antioxidant status and microbiome of adults with overweight or obesity. The study will be conducted with a total of 40 adults with overweight and obesity (BMI 25 to 34.9 Kg/m2) from both sexes. Volunteers will be divided into two groups according to the randomized-controlled and parallel design protocol, with two arms (experimental and placebo groups) with 20 volunteers per group. During 12 weeks the experimental group will intake one daily dose of Sulforaphan Smart®, meanwhile the placebo group will intake one daily dose of placebo. Biological samples (blood, urine and feces) will be taken during the intervention and the following experimental parameters will be taken at the beginning (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks): * Anthropometric study will be performed with a Tanita Body Weight Scale (DC-430MAP). * Biochemical parameters of plasma related to glucidic and lipid metabolism. * Analysis of Biomarkers of inflammation in plasma (C-reactive protein, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8). * Analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers in plasma and urine: determination of isoprostanes and malonaldehyde concentrations. * Analysis of fecal microbiota by 16SrRNA sequencing after extraction of total DNA from feces. * Analysis of Short Chain Fatty Acids by GLC in feces as metabolites of the fecal microbiota.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
40
Volunteers will intake a daily dose of Sulforaphan-Smart® pill for 12 weeks (84 days)
Volunteers will intake a daily dose of placebo pill for 12 weeks (84 days)
Edificio Pleyades-Vitalys 5ª y 6ª planta, Campus Universitario, Espinardo
Murcia, Spain, Spain
Changes in the concentration of plasmatic glucose
Glucose concentration will be analyzed in plasma samples of both experimental and placebo groups, to determine the effect of the daily intake of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula.
Time frame: Plasmatic glucose concentration will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in the concentration of plasmatic insulin
Insulin concentration will be analyzed in the plasma samples in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine the effect of the daily intake of Sulforaphan-Smart® forrmula.
Time frame: Plasmatic insulin concentration will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in the HOMA-IR
The HOMA-IR index will be calculated using the plasmatic concentration of glucose and insulin, to determine the insulin resistance index in both experimental and placebo groups after the daily intake of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula.
Time frame: HOMA-IR index will be calculated at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in the concentration of lipid metabolism parameters of plasma
Lipid metabolism parameters of plasma including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides will be analyzed in the plasma samples in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine the effect of the daily intake of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula.
Time frame: Lipid metabolism parameters will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of C-reactive protein in plasma
The concentration of C-reactive protein will be analyzed, in plasma samples in both experimental and placebo groups as biomarker of inflammation, to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of Sulforaphan-Smart®. The concentration of this biomarker will be analyzed using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Time frame: C-reactive protein will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of TNF-α in plasma
Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) will be determined in samples, of both experimental and placebo groups, to determine the effect of the daily consumption of Sulforaphan-Smart® in chronic inflammation. The concentration of this biomarker will be analyzed using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Time frame: TNF-α will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of Interleukins in plasma
Interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8) will be analysed in samples of both experimental and placebo groups, to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of Sulforaphan-Smart® on chronic inflammation. The concentration of these biomarkers will be analyzed using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Time frame: Interleukins will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of MDA in plasma
Malonaldehyde (MDA) will be analysed in plasma samples of bth experimental and placebo groups to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula on the oxidative stress. For this purpose MDA concentration will be analysed in plasma samples using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Time frame: MDA will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), at six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of isoprostanes concentration in urine
Isoprostanes concentration will be analysed in urine samples of both experimental and placebo groups , with the aim to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula on oxidative stress. This biomarker will be analysed using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer's instructions
Time frame: Isosprotanes concentration will be analysed in urine at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), at six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of MDA concentration in urine
Malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration will be analysed in urine samples of both experimental and placebo groups, with the aim to evaluate the effect of the daily consumption of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula on oxidative stress. The concentration of this biomarker will be determined using an ELISA kit, following the manufacturer's instructions.
Time frame: MDA concentration will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), at six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in microbiota
The effect of the daily intake of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula on gut microbiota will be determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, after the extraction of total faecal DNA.
Time frame: The composition of the gut microbiota will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes of SCFAs in feces
The changes in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces after the daily intake of Sulforaphan-Smart® formula will be analysed by gas chromatography (GC-FID).
Time frame: The concentration of SCFAs in feces will be analysed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in the body mass index
The measurement of the body mass index (BMI) will be carried out throughout the intervention study, in both experimental and placebo groups. For this purpose, weight (kg) and height (cm) will be registered and used to calculate the total BMI (kg/m\^2).
Time frame: BMI will be taken at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in the waist-to-hip ratio
The measurements of the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) will be carried out throughout the intervention study, in both experimental and placebo groups. The circumference of the waist and hip will be registered (cm) and used to calculate the WHR.
Time frame: The WHR will be measured at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in body fat mass percentage
The fat mass percentage will measure using a Tanita DC-430MAP body scale, in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine possible changes after the daily intake of Sulforaphane Smart® formula.
Time frame: Fat mass percentage will be registered at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in body fat free mass percentage
The fat free mass percentage will measure with a Tanita DC-430MAP body scale in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine possible changes after the daily intake of Sulforaphane Smart® formula.
Time frame: Fat free mass percentage will be registered at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in body water percentage
The body water percentage will measure with a Tanita DC-430MAP body scale in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine possible changes after the daily intake of Sulforaphane Smart® formula.
Time frame: Body water percentage will be registered at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
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Changes in body bone mass percentage
The body bone mass percentage will measure with a Tanita DC-430MAP body scale, in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine possible changes after the daily intake of Sulforaphane Smart® formula.
Time frame: Body bone mass percentage will be registered at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Changes in visceral fat index
The visceral fat index will measure with a Tanita DC-430MAP body scale, in both experimental and placebo groups, to determine possible changes after the daily intake of Sulforaphane Smart® formula.
Time frame: Visceral fat index will be registered at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).
Evaluation of food intake questionnaire
The volunteers will provide information about the 24-hours food intake questionaries before the collection of the biological samples, to quantify the intake on nutrients and energy.
Time frame: The 24-hours food intake questionnaire will be registered at the beginning (initial time), after six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks)
Evaluation of the dietary habits
All volunteers will fill a "Mediterranean Diet adherence" questionnaire to evaluate the adherence of the diet profile.
Time frame: Mediterranean Diet Adherence Questionnaire will be completed at the beginning of the intervention (initial time), at six weeks (Time 6 weeks) and at the end of the intervention (Time 12 weeks).