The objective of this study is to investigate the role of the flexible auxiliary single-arm transluminal endoscopic robot (FASTER) system in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and to validate its superiority over conventional ESD in terms of reducing procedural difficulty, shortening procedure time, and enhancing procedural safety. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does the use of the FASTER system improve the dissection speed of the ESD procedure? Does the use of the FASTER system reduce the procedure and dissection time, improving the efficacy of the ESD procedure? Does the use of the FASTER system reduce the rate of perforation and hemorrhage, improving the safety of the ESD procedure? Researchers will compare FASTER-assisted ESD and conventional ESD to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the FASTER system. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to the group with ESD using the traditional procedure or to the group with ESD assisted by the FASTER system. Keep a diary of their symptoms after the procedure. ESD has gained widespread acceptance as the standard method for treating early-stage gastrointestinal cancers. However, ESD is a technically demanding and intricate procedure that requires advanced proficiency of operators, with a heightened risk of complications such as hemorrhage and perforation. The inherent challenges of the colorectal ESD are further amplified by the thin mucosa, highly tortuous and flexible lumen, and occasional obstruction of lesions by mucosal folds, all of which collectively elevate both the procedural difficulty and the probability of postoperative complications. Adequate exposure of the submucosa layer through effective tissue traction is vital for the safe and effective performance of ESD. The FASTER system is designed to overcome this technical difficulty.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
104
The patients who are randomly assigned to the FASTER-assisted ESD group will undergo the ESD procedure with the assistance of the FASTER system.
The patients who are randomly assigned to the conventional ESD group will undergo the ESD following the clinically established pattern.
Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
Jinan, Shandong, China
procedure time
Procedure time is the time from the beginning of injection to the completion of dissection.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
dissection time
Dissection time is the time from the beginning of dissection to the completion of dissection.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
dissection speed
Dissection speed is defined as the lesion area divided by the dissection time.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
en bloc resection rate
En bloc dissection refers to the complete removal of the entire lesion in a single piece.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
R0 resection rate
R0 resection is defined as en bloc resection with negative vertical and horizontal margins.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
perforation rate
Perforation were defined as: endoscopic visualization of mural transection during ESD, or postoperative clinical signs combined with radiologically confirmed pneumoperitoneum.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
postoperative hemorrhage rate
Post-ESD hemorrhage was strictly defined as meeting ≥1 of: hematemesis or melena with dizziness, hemoglobin decline \>20 g/L, SBP drop \>20 mmHg or HR elevation \>20 bpm, presence of bloody fluid in nasogastric tube drainage, or active bleeding confirmed by repeat endoscopy.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
intraoperative hemorrhage rate
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
the proportion of intraoperative hemorrhage ≥ grade 2
Intraoperative hemorrhage is divided into four grades: Grade 0 means no significant bleeding is observed during the procedure. Grade 1 means minimal bleeding, which could stop spontaneously or be easily controlled by cauterization with a dual knife. Grade 2 refers to minor hemorrhage that requires multiple cauterizations with a dual knife or hemostatic forceps. Grade 3 indicates massive hemorrhage that requires multiple cauterizations with hemostatic forceps.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
hemostasis time
Hemostasis time referred to the time from the detection of submucosal bleeding until hemostasis was completed.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
muscular injury rate
Muscular injury is described as visible damage to the muscularis propria.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
direct-vision dissection rate
Direct-vision dissection time is the time that the endoscopist can directly observe the tip of the dual knife and the submucosal layer at the same time. By dividing the direct-vision dissection time by the total dissection duration, the direct-vision dissection rate is calculated.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
postoperative pain score
Postoperative pain score was assessed via the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS: 0=no pain, 10=worst imaginable pain). Patients independently rated their pain intensity on postoperative day 3, with scores categorized as mild (1-3), moderate (4-6), or severe (7-10).\*
Time frame: 3 days after the procedure.
the frequency of supplemental injections
Supplemental injection refers to injections performed after the beginning of the dissection.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
the supplemental injections time
The time of supplementary injection is from the insertion of the injection needle into the submucosal layer until the injection is completed and the needle is withdrawn.
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
Volume of injection fluid used in supplemental injections
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
the frequency of intraoperative patient positioning changes
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
time required for patient positioning changes
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
NASA-TLX scale scores
Time frame: Within 24 hours after the procedure.
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