This study will test the effect of exposure to short, animated storytelling videos on participants' perceived risk of smartphone overuse immediately after exposure, two weeks later and four weeks later.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
6,000
The short animated videos (approximately 2 minutes each) draw attention to the dangers of smartphone addiction.
A short fact sheet presenting written information and statistics about smartphone usage.
Stanford University
Stanford, California, United States
RECRUITINGSmartphone Addiction Scale (SmAS) score
SmAS is a short 10 item validated scale measuring smartphone addiction. The minimum value is 10 and the maximum value is 60 for this scale.
Time frame: Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention
Mobile Phone Attachment Scale - Anxious Attachment Sub Scale (MPAS-AA)
The MPAS Anxious Attachment subscale comprises 7 items rated 1 (not at all true) to 5 (extremely true). Subscale scores were computed as the mean of the 7 items (range 1-5), with higher scores indicating greater anxious attachment to one's mobile phone. The MPAS-AA has demonstrated good internal consistency (α=.87) and external validity.
Time frame: Baseline, immediate post-intervention (up to 24 hours), 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention
Mobile Phone Attachment Scale - Addiction Sub Scale (MPAS_Addiction)
Mobile phone addiction will be assessed with the MPAS Addiction subscale (6 items). Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 = not at all true to 5 = extremely true; responses are averaged to create a subscale score (range 1-5), with higher scores indicating greater addictive/problematic mobile phone use.
Time frame: Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention
Perceived Danger of Smartphone Overuse measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS)
Perceived danger of smartphone overuse will be assessed with a single-item 10-point slider (visual analogue-type scale) ranging from 0 = not at all dangerous to 10 = extremely dangerous. Higher scores indicate greater perceived danger.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post intervention exposure (up to 24 hours), 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention exposure
Self-reported daily smartphone use (past 2 weeks)
Self-reported daily smartphone use will be assessed via a single self-report item asking participants: 'On average, how many hours per day did you use your phone over the past two weeks?' Responses are recorded in 6 ordered categories: \<1 h, 1-2 h, 2-4 h, 4-6 h, 6-8 h, \>8 h, with higher categories indicating greater daily use.
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Time frame: Baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention exposure
Self-perceived smartphone addiction (single item; Olsen)
Self-perceived smartphone addiction will be assessed using Olsen's single-item smartphone addiction measure, asking agreement with the statement 'I am addicted to my smartphone' on a 6-point Likert scale from Strongly disagree (1) to Strongly agree (6). Higher scores indicate greater self-perceived smartphone addiction.
Time frame: Baseline, immediately post intervention exposure (up to 24 hours) 2 weeks and 4 weeks post intervention exposure