The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between injury risk and pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. In this context, it will be investigated how the pain and fatigue levels experienced by volleyball players interact with muscle strength and balance and how these factors increase the risk of injury.
Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among volleyball players and this may be due to the interaction of various physical and subjective factors. Although some risk factors such as muscle strength and balance have been previously investigated, there is limited data on how these parameters together relate to injury risk and athlete health. In this cross-sectional study, standardized tests and self-report questionnaires will be administered to a sample of competitive volleyball players.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
28
This study will evaluate pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. All these measurements will be completed in two sessions lasting 45-60 minutes.
Izmir Democracy University
Izmir, Turkey (Türkiye)
Injury risc assessment
The Functional Movement Screening Test will be used to assess injury risc in athletes. Seven exercises are used in this test. Each movement is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with a maximum total score of 21. As the score from this test increases, the risk of injury decreases.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pain intensity evaluation
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, where participants rate their pain intensity from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain).
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Fatigue assessment
The Perceived Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Scale will be used to assess athletes' physical and cognitive fatigue. The scale has 19 items, scored ranging from 19 to 95. Higher scores indicate increased perceived fatigue levels.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
Forced vital capacity (FVC) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)
Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
FEV1/FVC
FEV1/FVC will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)
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Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Peak flow rate (PEF)
Peak flow rate (PEF) will be evaluated with a spirometer.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Muscle Strength Measurement
The lower extremity muscle strength of athletes will be assessed using isokinetic test. Each maximal voluntary contraction will involve the athlete contracting as hard and as fast as possible from full extension to full flexion.Higher values indicate better muscle strength.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Hand Grip Strength measurement
Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. Participants will perform three trials on each hand . The maximum grip strength value for each hand will be analysed.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Respiratory Muscle Strength measurement
Respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using a spirometer. Athletes will perform maximal inspiration (Müller maneuver) and expiration (Valsalva maneuver) to obtain measurements. The highest value will be used for analysis.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Cough force measurement
Cough force will be assessed using a peak flow meter. The highest value of three attempts will be recorded. The high value obtained indicates good cough strength.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Balance evaluation
Balance will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test, and the average distance reached will be recorded.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Quality of Life (SF-36 or WHOQOL-BREF)
The Short Form-36 (SF-36) will be used to assess quality of life. total score is scored from 0 (poorest health) to 100 (best health), with higher scores indicating better health status.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year