This randomized controlled trial investigates the effects of music played during liver donor surgery on hemodynamic parameters and cortisol levels. Ninety participants were divided into three groups: music, silence (with headphones but no sound), and a control group with no intervention. The study aimed to evaluate whether music can reduce stress-related physiological responses during surgery.
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of music played during surgery on liver transplant donors. The research included 90 adult participants who underwent live liver donation surgeries. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: music group (headphones with music), silence group (headphones without sound), and a control group (no headphones). Music intervention lasted for 30 minutes during the operation. The primary objective was to examine whether intraoperative music exposure could reduce physiological stress, measured via cortisol levels. Secondary outcomes included changes in hemodynamic parameters such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Measurements were taken before and after the surgery. The study was conducted at İnönü University Liver Transplant Institute, with ethical approval granted by the Malatya Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2021/52). The findings suggest that music may be an effective supportive intervention for reducing surgical stress.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
90
Participants listened to a playlist of 5-6 music tracks they personally selected before surgery. The music was played continuously for 30 minutes through Bluetooth headphones during liver transplantation. Volume was kept at 65 decibels.
Participants wore Bluetooth headphones during the surgery, but no audio was played. This intervention was designed to control for the effect of wearing headphones and isolating ambient operating room sounds.
Turgut Özal Medical Center, Liver Transplantation Institute
Malatya, Malatya, Turkey (Türkiye)
Change in Serum Cortisol Levels During the Intraoperative Period
Serum cortisol levels were measured at two intraoperative time points: (1) immediately before anesthesia induction and (2) at the 30th minute of surgery. Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery, centrifuged, stored at -80°C, and later analyzed using the ELISA method. The difference between the two measurements was calculated to evaluate the physiological impact of the interventions.
Time frame: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery)
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure During the Intraoperative Period
Systolic blood pressure was measured at two intraoperative time points: (1) immediately before anesthesia induction and (2) at the 30th minute of surgery. The difference between the two values was used to assess the hemodynamic effect of music and silence interventions compared to standard care.
Time frame: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery)
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure During the Intraoperative Period
Diastolic blood pressure was measured at two intraoperative time points: (1) immediately before anesthesia induction and (2) at the 30th minute of surgery. Blood pressure was monitored continuously using a non-invasive automated device. The difference between the two values was analyzed to assess the effects of music and silence interventions on intraoperative hemodynamic response.
Time frame: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery)
Change in Heart Rate During the Intraoperative Period
Heart rate was recorded at two intraoperative time points: (1) immediately before anesthesia induction and (2) at the 30th minute of surgery. Monitoring was performed using standard intraoperative ECG. The difference between the two values was analyzed to evaluate the effect of music and silence interventions on autonomic cardiac response during surgery.
Time frame: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery),
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Change in Respiratory Rate During the Intraoperative Period
Respiratory rate was recorded at two intraoperative time points: (1) immediately before anesthesia induction and (2) at the 30th minute of surgery. Monitoring was conducted using standard intraoperative vital sign monitoring systems. The difference between the two values was analyzed to evaluate the effect of music and silence interventions on respiratory function.
Time frame: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery)
Change in Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂) During the Intraoperative Period
Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) was measured at two intraoperative time points: (1) immediately before anesthesia induction and (2) at the 30th minute of surgery. Measurements were taken using standard pulse oximetry. The difference between the two values was used to assess the impact of music and silence interventions on tissue oxygenation during surgery.
Time frame: Intraoperative (from pre-induction to the 30th minute of surgery)