Ventilator Inspiratory Trigger Sensitivity Adjustment Versus Threshold Device Training on Pulmonary Functions in Acute Stroke Patients

Overview

Neurological dysfunction is a common condition necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). Among patients with acute neurological diseases, 17% to 33% are intubated and mechanically ventilated for respiratory failure. Patients with acute neurological diseases requiring MV generally have adverse outcomes with a hospital mortality rate among patients with such diseases has been reported to be in the range of 16-33%. Inspiratory muscle weakness is common in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, especially patients with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Inspiratory muscle training could limit or reverse these unhelpful squeal and facilitate more rapid and successful weaning.Hence, the importance of physical therapy emerged in helping patients to be weaned from ventilators by using various methods to strengthen the respiratory muscles in different ways.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention used worldwide in an estimated 15 million patients annually. Although70% of patients in intensive care units wean without difficulty on the first attempt, approximately 30% require prolonged weaning. Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with an increased risk of death ,poor long-term functional outcomes, and markedly higher healthcare costsMechanical Ventilation (MV) is used to restore or enhance pulmonary gas exchange in patients who are unable to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation. Conditions that necessitate the use of MV include but are not restricted to neuromuscular diseases, respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive lung disease and following surgery with general anesthesia . A high proportion of patients who require prolonged MV for more than 48 hours do not survive for 1 year, and those who survive have a significantly reduced functional status and quality of life . Prolonged MV has a detrimental impact on the diaphragm, and this has been termed as Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction (VIDD ).Inspiratory muscle training is a type of training in which the patient inhales against resistive loads or pressure threshold-loads while the expiration is unloaded, that applies a load to the diaphragm and accessory inspiratory muscles to increase their strength and endurance .The trigger phase corresponds to the process in which the patient's spontaneous breathing triggers the ventilator to work. The inhalation phase corresponds to the process in which PAW rises to the plateau pressure while maintaining pressure support